WAVETEK 2001 Sweep Signal Generator Instruction Manual
- June 16, 2024
- WAVETEK
Table of Contents
- WAVETEK 2001 Sweep Signal Generator
- Product Information
- Product Usage Instructions
- Frequently Asked Questions
- WARRANTY
- GENERAL INFORMATION
- INSTALLATION
- OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
- 1.
- MAINTENANCE
- PARTS LIST M’DEL 2oo1 HEAD
- CONNECTORS
- References
- Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
- Download This Manual (PDF format)
WAVETEK 2001 Sweep Signal Generator
Product Information
Specifications:
- Model: M0Drr 2001
- Frequency Range: 100-146 MHz
- Power Output: 5/7 W
- Operating Temperature: -20 to +80 degrees Celsius
Product Usage Instructions
1. Power On/Off:
To power on the product, press and hold the power button located on the front panel for a few seconds until the LED indicator lights up. To power off the product, press and hold the power button again until the LED indicator turns off.
2. Frequency Selection:
The product supports a frequency range of 100-146 MHz. To select the desired frequency, use the frequency knob located on the front panel. Rotate the knob clockwise or counterclockwise to increase or decrease the frequency respectively. The selected frequency will be displayed on the product’s screen.
3. Transmitting:
To transmit using the product, ensure that you have a valid license for the frequency you intend to use. Connect an external microphone or headset to the microphone input jack located on the front panel. Press and hold the PTT (Push-to-Talk) button on the microphone or headset to start transmitting. Speak clearly into the microphone or headset while transmitting.
4. Receiving:
The product supports both analog and digital modes for receiving signals. Ensure that you are tuned to the desired frequency, and make sure that the squelch control is adjusted properly to eliminate unwanted noise. Adjust the volume control knob to set the desired listening level.
5. Antenna Connection:
Connect the included antenna to the antenna connector located on the rear panel of the product. Ensure that the antenna is securely attached and properly aligned for optimal signal reception and transmission.
6. Battery Charging:
The product is powered by a rechargeable battery. To charge the battery, connect the provided charging cable to the charging port located on the side of the product. Plug the other end of the cable into a power source. The LED indicator will show the charging status. It is recommended to fully charge the battery before initial use.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Q1: How do I reset the product to factory settings?
- A1: To reset the product to factory settings, turn off the power and remove the battery. Locate the reset button on the rear panel and press it using a small pointed object, such as a paperclip. Hold the reset button for a few seconds and then release it. Reinsert the battery and power on the product.
- Q2: Can I use third-party accessories with this product?
- A2: While it is generally recommended to use genuine accessories, third-party accessories that are compatible with the product can be used. However, please note that using non-certified accessories may void the warranty and could potentially affect the performance of the product.
- Q3: How can I update the firmware of this product?
- A3: Firmware updates for this product can be obtained from the official website. Download the latest firmware file and follow the instructions provided in the firmware update guide to perform the update. Ensure that the product is connected to a stable power source during the firmware update process.
ser.atNo. l0;,l60
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
M0Drr 2001
OTilERATOR
WTEI<‘TNDTANA rNc.
66 N. IST AVENUE, P.O. BOX 190 BEECH GROVE, INDIANA 16107 317 -783-3221
WARRANTY
All Wavetek instruments are warranteed against defects in material and
workmanship for a period
of one year after date of manufacture. Wavetek agrees to repair or replace any
assembly or component (except batteries) found to be defective. under normal
use during this period.
Transfermatic Switch assemblies, manufactured by Vl/avetek, are
unconditionally warranteed for the life of the instrument. Wavetek’s
obligation under this warranty is limited solely to repairing any such
instrument which in Wavetek’s sole opinion proves to be defective within the
scope of the warranty when returned to the factory or to an authorized service
center. Transportation to the factory or service center is to be prepaid by
purchaser. Shipment should not be made without prior authorization by Wavetek.
This warranty does not apply to any products repaired or altered by persons
not authorized by
Wavetek, or not in accordance with instructions furnished by Wavetek. lf the
instrument is
defective as a result of misuse, improper repair, or abnormal conditions or
operations, repairs will
be billed at cost.
Mlavetek assumes no responsibility for its product being used in a hazardous
or dangerous manner either alone or in conjunction with other equipment. High
voltage used in some instruments may
be dangerous if misused. Special disclaimers apply to these instruments.
Wavetek assumes no
liability for secondary charges or consequential damages and, in any event,
Wavetek’s liability for breach of warranty under any contract or otherwise,
shall not exceed the purchase price of the specific instrument shipped and
against which a claim is made. Any recommendations made by Wavetek for use of
its productsare based upon tests believed to be reliable, but Wavetek makes no
warranty of the results to be obtained. Thiswarranty is in lieu of all other
warranties, expressed or implied, and no representative or person is
authorized to represent or assume for Wavetek any liability in connection with
the sale of our products other than set forth herein.
c0lrTtNrs
11
……. 1-1 ……. 1-4
1-5
2-1
22
32
3-2 3-4
35
3-6
37
4-3
43 44
4″4 4-6
46 46
4-7 4-8
48
51 51 53 51 58 512
6-1 6-1
62
rJ-2
FIGURE i _ MODEL 2OO1 SWEEP/SIGNAL GENERATOR
SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL This manual provides descriptive material and
instructions for the installation, operation,
maintenance, and repair of the WAVETEK Model 2001 Sweep/Signal Generator.
I SECTION
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The compact WAVETEK MODEL 2001 Sweep/Signal
Generator offers programming, versatility and an excep-
tionally wide frequency range (1 to 1400 MHz) in a
ruggedized inexpensive instrument. lts unique adaptability promotes
sophisticated laboratory applications, as well as automatic production
testing.
Each of its three frequency ranges (1-500 MHz, 450 950 MHz, and 900 1400 MHz)
may be used in 3 modes of operation; start-stop, af or CW. lt can be swept f
rom end-
to-end, up-or-down, at any rate from 50 sweeps per second
to 1 sweep every 100 seconds. Manual, triggered, or recurring sweeps are
provided and the sweep frequency,
sweep width, and output attenuation all may be controlled by external
voltages.
Up to six crystal controlled birdy marker modules (single
frequency or harmonic type) may be plugged into the 2001.
Each module has its own Front Panel On/Off switch.
Front Panel amplitude and width controls enable optimum
adjustment of the marker display. ln application, the
1.2 SPECIFICATIONS
Table 1-1. lists the specifications for MODEL 2001 Sweep/
Signal Generator.
markers may be tilted 90o for easy viewing when displayed
with steep transition signals or rectified for X-Y plotter applications by a
Front Panel switch. A lkHz squarewave modulator, providing 100% amplitude
modulation of the RF output for low level recovery applications, is available
as an optional feature.
Most optional features, as well as the functional circuits
for the basic sweep generator, have modular plug-in construction. This allows
optional features to be factory installed at the time of purchase, or customer
installed at a
laterdate. This concept offers protection against obsolesence since updated
and additional features can be simply and economically added as new test
procedures dictate.
Maintenance problems can be greatly simplif ied by stocking
several modules instead of hundreds of discrete components. Servicing time of
a defective instrument can be cut to a fraction of the time previously
required and can be performed by relatively inexperienced technicians.
Modules for the 2001 are stocked in Wavetek service cen-
ters around the world.
RF SPECIFICATIONS Frequency Range
Operating Modes –
TABLE 1.1. SPECIFICATIONS
1 to 1400 MHz in three overlapping bands
Band 1
1 to 500 MHz
Band 2
450 to 950 MHz
Band 3
900 to ‘l 400 MHz
Start/Stop, lf, and CW
1-1
GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE 1 -1. Specifications (Con’t.)
Frequency Dial
Calibration Accuracy –
Sweep Width –
10 MHz intervals
Band 1
Band 2 Band 3
10 MHz
2To of *lected frequency 2% of selected frequency
200 kHz to 500 MHz-calibrated in 10 MHz intervals
Accuracy –
Band 1 Band 2 Band 3
110 MHz t2OMHz 120 MHz
Display Linearity – Spurious Signals
2o/o
Band 1 Band 2 Band 3
10 to 500 MHz 26dB below output
500 to 950 MHz, 26dB below output 900 to 1400 MHz,26dB below output
Residual FM Drift –
Blanking –
Less than lSkHz
100 kHzl5 minutes – 2 MHz/8 hours
(after 112 hourwarm-up at a constant ambient, and allowing
a 5 minute stabilizing period after a frequency change)
Retrace blanking of the RF output provided for sweep operation. Removed for CW
operation.
RF Output Amplitude Flatness at +10 dBm
Continuously adjustable from +10 to -80 dBm; 70 dB in 10 dB steps, plus a 20 dB vernier, calibrated in 1 dB
increments. Step attenuator and vernier attenuator ac-
curacv:
i0.5 dB to 500 MHz
t1 dB to 1000 MHz 12 dB to 1400 MHz
t0.5 dB over 1 to 1400 MHz (when read with negative
detector)
t0.75 dB over 1 1400 MHz (when read with a power
meter)
lmpedance –
50 ohms
REMOTE PROGRAMMING
A Rear Panel REMOTE Jack provides necessary connections for Remote Control of
frequency, sweep width and the 0 to 20 dB vernier output control. This jack
also provides connections for EXTERNAL
amplitude and frequency modulation.
Frequency
May be remotely programmed within the selected band by
a i16 V signal. (-16 volts corresponds to LOW frequency
1-2
GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE 1-1. Specifications (Con’t.)
Sweep Width –
band end and +16 volts to HIGH frequency band end)
Tuning sensitivity: 16 MHz/volt (approx.)
May be controlled by a remote potentiometer. (lnput and output connections
provided in Rear Panel REMOTE jack)
Vernier 0-20 dB
Output –
External FM –
External AM –
I
May be remotely programmed over a 20 dB range with a 0 to -18 volt signal.
(-18 volts corresponds to a maximum
ou tpu t)
Full deviation of f250 MHz possible at rates up to 4kHz. With reduced
deviation and linearity, modulation rates to 100kHz are possible. Sensitivity:
16 MHz/volt (approx.)
External AM signals are applied to same connections as
for vernier 0-20 dB control. Therefore, vernier range must be restricted so
the 0 to -18 volt range is not exceedd or distortion will occur. With average
voltage set to mid-range,
100% modulation is possible to 1kHz, 4O% modulation possible to a 40kHz rate.
SWEEP SPECIFICATIONS
– Sweep Modes
Sweep time * Horizontal Output –
EXTERNAL LEVELING
External Monitor (ALC) –
MARKER SPECIFICATIONS
Type –
Accuracy –
Repetative sweep Single sweep External ly triggered sweep Manual sweep Line
lock sweep
Continuously variable from less than 10 ms to over 100 seconds, in 4-decade
steps, plus vern ier
16 volts peak-to-peak (symmetrical about ground)
An external’-n-egativE-.rsignal, between 0,2 and 2 volts, may be used to level the R F output
Birdy by-pass markers with provisions for six plug-in
marker modules. plus Front Panel external marker input.
Markers may be either single frequency or harmonic
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GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE 1 -1. Specifications (Con’t.)
External Market lnput –
Marker Width –
Marker Size
Large Small –
Front Panel BNC connector accepts external CW signal for conversion to a Birdy
marker. lnput level: 100 mV into 50 ohms
Adjustable from (approx.) 15 to 400 kHz in four steps
Adjustable from (approx.l 12 V to 15 mV peak-to-peak Adjustable from (approx.)
50 mV to 100 uV peak-to-peak
Rectified Birdy (for use with X-Y plotters)
Size varies with detector’s impedance. Adjustable from
(approx.) 6 V to 1 mV with detector impedance of 1 meg
ohm, or from 0.5V to 1 mV with detector impedance of 0 ohms. Rectified birdy
is positive polarity
Marker Tilt –
Provides horizontal markers have a size equal to approxi-
mately 1oo/o of horizontal display. Adjustment of marker size vectorily adds
the normal vertical marker to the horizontal marker, causing the resu iting
marker to vary f rom a horizontal position toward a vertical position.
POWER REOUIREMENTS
Line Supplv
115 or 230 VAC t1O%,50 to 60 Hz, (approx 20 watts)
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS (See Figure 1-1.)
A For total length, including knobs,
add 1 1/16 inch
B For total height, including feet,
add 5/8 inch
C For total width, including screw
heads, add 3/16 inch
Weight
Net Shipping –
19 lbs. 25 lbs.
1.3 OPTIONS
^T—] q,-L
-l–TLL-B
TOP
SIDE
Figure 1-1 .
1.3.1 Marker A-1. Any single frequency between 1 to 1400 MHz.
1.3.2 Marker A-2. Harmonic type at 1, 10 or 50 MHz. (Other frequencies available on special order.)
1.3.3 Modulator A-4. Provides 100% amplitude modulation at a 1 kHz rate.
1.3.4 Penlift A-5. Provides contact closure during sweep time.
1-4
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.4 ACCESSORIES
1.4.1 Accessories furnished; lnstruction manual and plug to mate with Rear Panel REMOTE jacks.
1 .4.2 Accessories Available:
a. Wide-band RF Detector b. Service Kit c. Rack Mount Kit d. Rack Mount Kit –
Model D-152.
K102. Containsa module extender and extension cables.
K103. Mounts single instruments in a 5-1 /4 inch space. See
Figure 2-1.
K104. Mounts one or two instruments in a 7 inch space. See
Figure 2-2.
1-5
2 sEcTroil
INSTALLATION
2.1 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
2.’l .1 lnitial lnspection
After unpacking the instrument, visually inspect the exter-
nal parts for damage to knobs, connectors, surface areas. etc. The shipping
container and packing material should be saved in case it is necessary to
reship the unit.
2.1 .2 Damage Claims
lf the instrument is received mechanically damaged in transit, notify the
carrier and either the nearest Wavetek area representative or the factory in
lndiana. Retain the shipping carton and packing material for the carrier’s in-
spection.
The local representative, or the factory. will immediately arrange for either
the replacement or repair of your instrument. without waiting for damage claim
settlements.
2.1.3 Rack Mounting
The instrument is 112 rack size and two rack mounting kits
are available. The K-103 kit provides the necessary hard-
ware to mount the unit to either the right or left of a standard 5 114″ x 19″
opening. The K-104 kit provides the
necessary hardware to rack mount two instruments. These may be two 1000 or
2000 series Wavetek, lndiana lnstruments, or two 130 or 140 series Wavetek.
San Diego lnstruments, or a combination of either. This provides a7″ x 19″
package. Facilities are provided for Front Panel mounting of instrument Rear
Panel connectors.
2.1 .4 K-1O3, Rack Mounting Kit (Refer to Figure 2-1)
I tem
A (Side) B (Side) C (Screw)
CONTENTS
oty.
1 ea. 1 ea. 8 ea.
Part No. 8000-608 c000-610 HS101-806
Proced u re:
Remove the screws from one side panel at a time. Mount item A or B against the
side panel of the instrument and secure with screws provided (item C). Repeat
operation for other side. NOTE: ltems A & B may be interchanged to position
the unit to the side of the rack desired.
F–
l|–
Figure 2-1. K-103 Rack Mounting
2-1
INSTALLATION
2.1 .5 K-104 Rack Mounting Kit (Refer to Figure 2-2)
Item
A (Tray) B (Side) C (Screw)
CONTENTS
otv.
2 2 12
Part No. c000 729 A500-230 HS 101-903
Procedu re:
lnstall both sides (item B) to one tray (item A) using 10-32
x 3116″ screws (item C). Position the instrument on the
tray so that the feet extend into the provided holes. Holes are provided for
all Wavetek, lndiana 1000 and 2000 series and for most Wavetek, San Diego 130,
140, and 700 series
instruments. Other instruments not exceeding 5%” x 8″
may also be mounted by drilling additional holes for their
feet.
When one or both instruments are properly seated, install
the other item “A” and secure with the remaining screws
(item C).
NOTE: lf the Wavetek instrument has been supplied with a bale, it must be
removed before installing in the K104
rack mounting kit.
Figure 2-2. K-1O4 Rack Mounting
2.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
2.2.1 Primary Power Requirements
These instruments operate from either 115 VAC or 23O VAC supply mains as
selected by a Slide Switch located on the Rear Panel. Before operating the
instrument, check that the fuse mounted in the Rear Panel Fuse Holder
corresponds to the correct value for the selected voltage; i.e.,
0.5 amp for a 115 VAC, and 0.25 amp for 230 VAC.
The power supply has been designed to operate from either
50 or 60 Hz supply mains, however, the line operated
sweep rate function must be adjusted to the line frequency.
lnstruments are shipped from the factory adjust to operate
at 115 VAC,60 Hz unless specified tor 23O VAC or 50
Hz operation.
2.2.2 Performance Checks
The electrical performance of this instrument should be verified. Performance
checks for incoming inspection are
given in Section 5, Maintenance.
2-2
dfi,J:llril
PERATTNG
3-1
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Figure 3-1. Front Panel
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides complete functional control description, operating instructions, and programming instructions for the Model 2001 Sweep/Signal Generator.
ln addition, special operating notes cover sweep rate errors, overloading, low level measurements and operation with networks analyzers and X-Y plotters.
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF FRONT PANEL (Refer to Figure 3-1 for control location)
– @ enruo switch – @ srnnrlcENTER FREO.
– @ sroetswEEPWrDTH
Selects desired band; 1 to 500 MHz, 450 to 950 MHz or 900 to 1400 MHz.
Controls Start Frequency when MODESwitch isset to S/S (Start/Stop) or Center
Frequency when MODE Switch is set to af and C.W.
Controls Stop Frequency when MODE Switch is set to S/S (Start/Stop) orcontrols
Sweep Width when MODE Switch is set to af.
@ naooe switch –
Selects Start/Stop, af or continuous wave operation.
3-2
OPERATI NG I NSTRUCT IONS
@ unnreRs owtDTH rstzE –
– @ rvnnrce ns
O ILT/NoRM switch –
– @ unnreR srzE Switch
– @ scoee HoRrZ. out
– @ scoee VERT. out
@ oruoo in –
– @ oureur-dBm-bo ohm @nrort-
– @ nrnnrceR in
– @ rvroo @ nr-c in –
– @ exrrrrur Switch
@ eowen –
Dual concentric control; outer knob adjusts marker width from 15 to 400 kHz in
four steps; inner knob controls marker size.
Six push button switches control A1 and A2 Marker Options (Marker frequency
isengraved on push button).
Provides vertical markers in the NORM (down) position. ln the TILT (up)
position provides horizontal markers having a fixed amplitude of approximately
10% of the horizontal display, when MARKER SIZE is set to minimum. NOTE:
lncreasing the marker size will cause the horizontal marker to tilt toward a
vertical position. This feature is used to identify f requencies on Steep
response
sk i rts.
This three position switch provides; large markers in its Lower position (12 V
to 50mV peak-to-peak), small markers in its Center position (50mV to 100uV
volts peak-to-peak) and rectified positive markers in its Up position. These
rectified markers are for use with X-Y recorders.
BNC connector provides a 16 volt peak-to-peak triangle wave, symmetrical about
ground, to drive the Horizontal (x) axis of the oscilloscope or other
indicating device. (An alternate connection is available at the Rear Panel).
BNC connector provides the combined markers and demodulated RF (when DEMOD in
is connected) for connection to the oscilloscope Vertical (y) axis
input.
BNC connector accepts the demodulated, swept, signal from the device under
test so RF markers may be added. (The combined signal is available at the
SCOPE VE RT. O UTPUT connector).
Attenuator; Outer knob providescalibrated adjustmentof the RF output in 10 dB
increments from 0 dBm to -70 dBm; inner knob provides calibraied vernier
adiustment of the RF output from +10 dBm to -10 dBm.
BNC connector provides a connection for RF output signal.
BNCconnectoracceptsan externallygenerated continuouswave signal to produce a f
requency marker on the display.
Push button switch for 44 option (i kHz square wave amplitude modulation).
BNC connector accepts an automatic leveling control signal from a remote
monitor when EXT/INT switch is in the EXT (up) position.
Closes the internal automatic leveling loop when in INT (down) position.
NOTE: When this switch is in the EXT position, and no external monitor is in
use, the RF output is unleveled and not controlled by the 20 dB vernier
attenuator.
Push button applies A.C. power to the power supply. The light indicates that
the instrument is operating.
3-3
OPERATI NG INSTRUCTIONS
– @ rnrclnECUR switch
@ sweee TIME sec. VAR/MANUAL Control –
Selects recurring srueep of the time selected by SWEEP TIME Control when in
RECUR (down) position and with MODE Switch in either S/S or aF. When
TRIG/RECUR Switch is in the center position,the sweep may be triggered for
single sweep operation by momentarily contacting the TRIG (up) position
This is a six positionSwitch/Control. The outer knob provides selection of
MANUAL, LINE or Four Decade Ranges of variable sweep time. The inner knob
provides manual frequency sweeping when SWEEP TIME Sec. Switch is set to
MANUAL, and variable adjustment of sweep time in each of the four decade
ranges. (The sweep may be triggered in the four decade ranges only).
Figure 3-2. Rear Panel
3.3 DESCRIPTION oF REAR PANEL (Refer to Figure 3-2lor tocation)
@ swrrcn i$/23ov –
Selects 115 or 230 V line voltage.
– @ rrrreur 5o/6oHz
– @ o. LrNE FUSE
3 prong AC plug provides connection to AC mains. 0.5A for 115 V AC or 0.25A for 230 V AC.
– @ nervrore Jack
Provides connection for programming of frequency, sweep width and RF output level. (See paragraph 3-6 for detailed instructions). This jack is supplied with a mating ‘jumpered plug” which provides Front Panel control.
– @ scoee HoRtz. Jack
BNC jack provides connection to (X) axis of oscilloscope or plotter. This
connector is in parallel with the ScoPE HoRlz. connector located on the Front
Panel.
3-4
@ oerrorus – @ eerrr LrFT oPTroN (A b)
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Provides mounting holes for BNC connectors used with special modifications or
options. When Pen LiftOption is installed, these 2 terminals provide contact
closure during
sweep “ON” time. This option operates only when the Front Panel SWEEP
TIME Selector is set to the 100-10 SEC. position.
J;t tllt:l9, “to!o
“-/h)*ll .,1
tIl.–
MATCHING NETWORK
DEVICE
UNDER TEST
Figure 3-3. Typical Operating Set-up
3,4 TYPICAL OPERATING SET-UP
When initially setting up instrument, first check Rear Panel AC LINE VOLTAGE
Selector Switch and Fuse to
ensure the instrument is set for operation with the available AC mains.
Make connections between the Model 2001. the device under test, and the
oscilloscope as shown in Figure 3-3. Since hum, RF leakage, and spurious
signal pick-up must be kept to a minimum, it is essential that good
connections and grounds be maintained throughout the entire setup. Use coaxial
cables with BNC connectors wherever possible.
The RF OUTPUT cable is especially critical. lt should
have a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, and should be kept as short as
practical (under 3 feet)’ lf the input impedance of the device under test is
not 50-ohms, a
matching network, as shown in Figure 3-3, should be used to ensure a constant
amplitude input signal to the device under test.
After the RF signal passes through the RF circuit of the device under test it
must oe demodulated before being connected to the DEMOD lN of the Model 2001.
lf a demodulator is not a part of the device under test, one must be
added externally. (See Figure 3-3) . The input impedance of the demodulator
must present the proper load to the RF circuit being tested. The Wavetek Model
D152 RF Detector is recommended for 50-ohm applications.
35
OPERATING I NSTRUCT IONS
Depress the POWER push-button. The light in the switch
button should light, indicating an operating condition.
(Note: This instrument does not require a warmup period unless it is to be
used at the extreme limits of its specifica-
tio ns. )
After completing the set-up, adjust the Model 2001 controls for the required
center frequency. sweep width, output amplitude, and sweep rate. Turn the
desired markers on, and adjust their size and width.
3.5 SPECIAL OPERATING NOTES
3.5.1 Errors From Sweep Rate Effects
When sweeping RF circuits having rapid amplitude changes.
errors may occur, due mainly to detector delays. Decreasing the detector
output time constant will minimize this effect. Figure 3-4 illustrates sweep
rate effect.
TRUE RESPONSE
,+’
RESPONSE WITH SLIGHT ERROR
DUE TO SWEEP
RATE BEING
SLIGHTLY TOO
,*’
FAST
RESPONSE WITH
LARGE ERROR
DUE TO SWEEP
RATE BEING
FAR TOO FAST
Figure 3-4. Sweep Rate Effects
To check for sweep rate effect, first set the sweep width to its lowest
practical amount, then reduce sweep time while closely observing the swept
output response. Any change in the response indicates the sweep rate is too
fast for a true response. When a further reduction of sweep time does not
change the response, a true response has been obtained.
3.5.2 Effects From Overloading
The use of excessive signal from the Model 2001 can over-
load the receiver circu its. To assure that th is condition
is not present, and that the response is a true representation of the device
under test, turn the OUTPUT dbm con-
trols to minimum output amplitude. Gradually increase
3-6
the output amplitude until a response is obtained. Further increase of the
output amplitude should not change the conf iguration of the response envelope
except in ampli-
tude. lf the response envelope does change, such as
flattening at the top, decrease the output just far enough to restore the
proper configuration.
3.5.3 Making Measurements At Low Levels
When making measurements at low levels, radiation and ground loops become
problems. Using double shielded cables for cables carrying RF signals helps
minimize the radiation problem. Ground loops causing hum pick-up can sometimes
be eliminated by completing only one
ground connection between each instrument. This applies
particularly to the scope horizontal input. lf the ground
connection is made at the vertical input terminal, an addi-
tional ground at the horizontal input terminal will often result in hum pick-
up.
3.5.4 Operation With Network Analyzers
To operate properly with certain network analyzers several modifications might
be required. Some analyzers require the removal of the blanking signal during
the sweep return trace, This can be accomplished by disconnecting the single
wire connected to pin 10 of the M1H Module. Another modification sometimes
required is to provide a horizontal output ramp that varies from zero to some
positive voltage instead of the standard -8 to +8 volt ramp. Thiscan be
accomplished by connecting a 56 K ohm resistor between pins 2 and 11 of the
M1H Module. This connection provides a horizontal output signal from
approximately 0 to
1 1 volts.
3.5.5 Operation With X-Y Plotters
Two features are incorporated into the Model 2001 to
facilitate operationwith X-Y plotters. First, a marker clamp
switch that is a part of the Front Panel SIZE Selector
Switch. This marker clamp switch converts the hi-frequency
marker signals to a lower frequency which is compatable with the operating
speed of the plotter pen.
Second is an optional feature (A5). This feature provides a contact closure
during the sweep time to operate the plotter’s pen lift. The A5 feature
operates only when the sweep time selector switch is set to its slowest
position, 10 to 1 00 sec.
3.5.6 Operation With An External Monitor
Operation with an external monitor can produce a flatter
OPERATI NG I NSTRUCTIONS
(less amplitude variation) input signal to the device under test than is
obtainable with the internal monitor, since the monitor point is located at
the point where greatest flatness is desired, and is not affected by cable
VSWR or input impedance of the device under test. Another application is to
level at the output point of a wide band power ampli-
fier, in order to increase the output power capability of
the sweep generator.
To operate with an external monitor, first set the OUTPUT controls for
maximum, +10 dBm. Next, connect the out-
put from the external monitor to the Front Panel BNC jack labeled ALC lN and
set the ALC EXT/INT Switch
to the EXT position. The signal from the external monitor
must be of a negative polarity beh/veen 0.2 and 2 volts. lf the signal is
larger than 2 volts, use a resistive divider to obtain the less than 2 volts
signal. While observing the
output from the monitor on an oscilloscope, adjust the Vernier OUTPUT Control
until the monitor signal becomes leveled. (Refer to Figure 3-5.)
o1o2o3
o45o6o o78o9o
1o0ooll 12 1o3oot4 15
Reor Ponel
Remote Jock J lOl
Leveled
,,’ PorliollY
‘-
y’FLeveled
_,!r- ———‘ Unleveled
Figure 3-5. External Monitor Output Signal
3.6 PROGRAMMING
Connections for remote operation of OUTPUT AMPLI-
TUDE, F REOUENCYand SWEEP WIDTH plus EXTERNAL
AM and FM MODULATION and triggering of the sweep
circuit is provided by a Rear Panel REMOTE programming connector. The
programming jack and its pin functions are
shown below.
VOLTAGE AND SIGNAL SOURCES
Pin 1 – Ground
Pin 2 -+16volts Pin 3–16volts Pin 4–18volts
– Pin 10 Ramp for Driving Sweep Width Control – Pin 15 Same as Pin 10 Except
lnverted
CONTROL INPUTS
Pin 6 – Output Level Control (AM Modulation) Pin 7 – Sweep Time Trigger lnput
Pin 9 – Frequency Control Pin 12 – Sweep Width Control (FM Modulation)
INTERNAL CONTROL Pins 5, 8 and 1 1 are used to program internal operation of
Output, Frequency and Sweep Width.
UN USED Pins 1 3 and 14 are unused
Y+,at4hyfl^tffWca”t
W 6eryneL*&(
b-b
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3-7
OPERATI NG I NSTRUCT IONS
3.6.1 OUTPUT AMPLITUDE CONTROL
(AM MODULATION)
Normal internal control is provided by a jumper wire con-
nected between pins 5 and 6 of the REMOTE plug as
shown below.
*=-l REMOTE PLUG 2001 a -_
*”I I
TO RFOUTPUT AMPLITUDE
;IJ FRONT PANEL VERNIER OUTPUT CONTROL(Oto2odB)
To provide external control, remove jumper wire and connect an external OUTPUT Control as shown below. The RF OUTPUT is a linear function of the programming voltage as shown in Figure 3-6.
2001
REAR PANEL I
trEXTERNAL
OUTPUT .CONTROL
I rox
–lL-,,”I I
__
TO RFOUTPUT AMPLITUDE
;;ll
FRONT PANEL
VERNI ER OUTPUT CoNTROL(Oro 20dB)
VOLTS -18
-16
@
i.o
P -rz
o!r -lo
fJ(Lt-e
Uo ^ -b
Fd-+
<E-1
3o
o-
+?
o.t.2
i! .J}+’r{
.3 .4 .5 .6 .7
,- orrrr/lr.o^
.8
.9 l.o
+ro
Figure 3-6. pronrr,.n #lu-J./ n r o rtpuof
To provide AM MODULATION, connect as shown at right.
The low frequency modulation will be limited by the reactance of capacitor C1.
Lower frequency modulation, down to DC, can be provided with a modulating
source
having a DC offset. ln this case, resistor R1 is omitted. ln all cases, the
peak modulating voltage plus the DC offset must be within the limits of -18 to
+2 volts, as shown in Figure 3-6, or distortion will occur. The modulation
frequency limits the maximum useable percentage of modulation as shown in
Figure 3-7. This graph was obtained with the DC level set to -8 volts.
3-8
20 V P-to-P lor
lOO Prcsnl Modulolion At Moximun Outgul
Exlernol Percent Modu lol ion
<C{ontrol c
RI
2001
loK
REAR PANEL
REMOTE PLUG
T AMPLITUDE
UIT
FRONT PANEL
– VERNIER OUTPUT
CONTRoL ( O to 20d B)
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
IKHz roo
z9 80
F
JBo 60
otr-
U40
Fz
rtod H20
IOOHz
lKHz
tOKHz
MODULATION FREQUENCY
IOO KH z
Figure 3-7. Percentage Modulation/Modulating Frequency
3.6.2 FREOUENCY CONTROL
3.6.3 SWEEP WIDTH CONTROL (FM Modulation)
Normal internal control of frequency is provided by a jumper wire connected
between pins 9 and 8 of the
REMOTE plug as shown below.
,.ffi81,r.1
T PANEL
FREQUENCY CONTROL
To provide external control, remove the jumper and
connect pin 9 to an external Frequency control as shown
below.
Normal internal control of sweep width is provided by a
jumper wire between pins 11 and 12 0f the REMOTE
plug as shown below.
200t REAR PANELT
/to
,t:- f-L–/ REMOTE PLUG
,1 Y I I TO SWEEP WIDTH CONTROL CIRCUIT
FRONT PANEL SWEEP WIDTH CONTROL]
;II REAR PANEL
II ‘REI,IOTE PLUG
I’o*flJ ———+<I- I
II I-cToOnFrRREoQLUEcTt
-ro
III
I IFRoNT PANEL IlcroRNEToRuorrLucv
Tuning sensitivity, which is approximatley 16 MHz/volt, is shown graphically in Figure 3-8.
To provide external control, remove the jumper and connect pin 12 to an
external Sweep Width control as shown
on page 3-10.
3-9
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
EXTERNAL SWEEP WIDTH CONTROL
REMOTE PLUG
f . r.., ,0* CONTROL CIRCUIT
TO EXTERNAL
MODULATING SOU RCE
rlPERCENT
I MODULATION Ia+ coNTRoL
,.-f-8–8]rlor,r’r,t-E.I=
I REMOTE PLUG
V
| ,tr.., ,0-, CONTROL CIRCUIT
FRONT PANEL SWEEP WIDTH CONTROL
To provide FM modulation, connect as shown at right and set the Front Panel
MODE Switch for CW operation.
FRONT PANEL SWEEP WIDTH CONTROL
The modulating *.u. form should have an average poten-
tial of zero volts. Frequency sensitivity, which is approxi-
mately 16 MHz/volt, is shown graphically in Figure 3-8.
The maximum modulating frequency, while still maintaining the 16 MHz/volt
relationship, varies from approximately 4 kHz at maximum deviation to 20 kHz
for 1 MHz deviation. (See Figure 3-9.) With decreased frequency sensitivity,
frequency up to 200 kHz can be used, as shown in the shaded area of Figure 3-9
on page 3-1 1.
The peak amplitude of the modulating signal plus the DC
voltage supplied to the Frequency Control (pin 9 of
REMOTE plug) should not exceed + or -16 volts. This amplitude would program
the unit to sweep beyond the
band limits.
+t6
+14 +12
+to
+8
U +6
a+4
J
9+z
o
EcLEoo –za -6 -8 -lo
-t4
-16
BAND ] BAND 2
BAND 3
.O .45O .9OO
]oo r50 200 250 300
700
il50
FREOUENCY
450 500
950 I 400
Figure 3-8. Program Voltage (pin 9 or l2llFrequency
310
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
250
4KHz Mox. Mod. req.
)
200
‘150
TN
o2 loo
F
;
oUJ 50
.
Mox. Mod. Freq
I
I
Usoble Areo With Decreosed Freq.
Sensitivitv-
)
lKHz
l0 KHz
MODULATION FREQUENCY
(Sine -Wove)
Figure 3-9. FM Modulation Frequency Limits
‘lOOKHz
3.6.4 REMOTE TRIGGERING OF SWEEP TIME CI RCUIT
The SweepTime Circuit can be remotely triggered by apply-
ing a 10 volt positive pulse to pin 7 of the REMOTE plug. For proper
operation, the Front Panel SWEEP TIME Selector must be set for one of the four
variable sweep
time positions, and the TRIG/RECUR Switch set to the TRIG position. The
repetition rate of the external trigger
should be slower than the frequency running rate set by the
Front Panel SWEEP TIME Selector and VAR/MANUAL
Control.
3-11
4 SECTION
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
4-1
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
4.1 MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT
Before beginninE the actual circuit description, it would be well to consider
the mechanical arrangement of the instrument. This will enable the foilowing
block diagram and circuit description to be associated with its physical
position, thereby, providing a better understanding of the overall instrument.
The mechanical arrangement can be seen by re-
ferring to Figure 5-17 in the Maintenance section. This
TOP VIEW shows the Front Panel, plug’in moduie and the rear chassis Power
Supply sections.
4.2 SIMPLIFIED BLCICK DIAGRAM
The block diagram in Figure 4-1 contains both block and module information.
The blocks contained within each module are indicated by the red module
outline.
The Power Supply provides three regulated voltage sources
of +18, -18, and -20 volts for corrnections to the plug-in
modules.
The M1A module generates the sweep ramp, blanking and
scope horizontal voltages.
The M2H module contains four distinct circuits; a -16 volt reference supply, a
+16 volt ref erence supply, an inverted sweep ramp supply, and the sweep drive
circuits.
Thetwo reference supplies and the two sweep ramp voltages provide the signals
to the F ront Panel f requency and sweep width controls. The signal from these
controls is then fed to the sweep drive circuit in the M2H module, where they
are combined into a single signal, wh ich drives the frequency determined
varactor diodes in the sweep oscillator modules. Necessary level shifting,
shaping and amplitude control is provided by the sweep drive circuit.
The RF signal for BAND 1 (1 to 500 MHz) is generated in the M9H module where
the signal from two sweep oscilla-
tors are combined in a diode mixer. The resultant, difference signal, is fed
to a 1-500 MHz pre-amplifier and
then to the M 10H module. This module contains a voltage variable attenuator
and the final 1-500 MHz amplifier. The output from this amplifier is then fed
to the Mi9H module where a PIN diode switch completes the circuit to the RF
outputcircuit.
Leveling of the RF output is accomplished by a monitor diode which measures
the RF voltage and compares it to a
reference voltage supply by the vernier output control. Any
error between the two voltages is amplified in the leveler amplifier located
in the M10H module. The error voltage is then connected to the voltage
variable attenuator at the input of the final 1 to 500 MHz amplifier. This
closed loop system maintains a constant amplitude RF signal at the monitor
point, which compensates for amplitude variation
in the sweep oscillator. mixer, and amplifier circuit and also creates a zero
impedance at the monitor point. ln order to create a 50 ohm source impedance,
a 50 ohm resistor is connected between the zero impedance point and the RF
output system.
The sweep oscillators for bands 2 & 3 are located in the
M19H module. The RF output from the oscillators is fed
through voltage variable attenuators directly to the RF output circuit without
amplification. Leveling for bands 2 & 3 is accomplished in the same manner as
for band 1.
The marker circuit is comprised of the marker adder
module M5H, and the individual marker generators M6’s.
ln addition to the marker adding function of the MsH module, it also provides
for selection and leveling of the
sweep sample signal in the same manner as the main RF output signal was
leveled. This provides a constant amplitude sweep sample signal to the
individual marker modules
which is extremely important to obtain a “flat comb” output from the harmonic
generating marker modules. lt
also standardizes the sweep sample amplitude in all 2001
instruments, which insures proper operation of field in-
stalled markers.
This constant amplitude sweep sample signal is then fed to the individual M6
marker modules where it is combined in a
mixer with a crystal controlled CW signal. The resultant different signal,
which is the birdy marker, is then fed back to the marker adder module where
they are combined, amplified, and shaped into a single composite signal. This
signal is then fed through the marker size control and to the Front Panel
vertical output connector.
4-3
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The following circuit descriptions are referenced to the schematics appearing
in Section 6.
4.3 POWER SUPPLY (PS6)
The PS6 power supply provides three regulated voltages and an optional “pen-
lift” circuit.
AC POWER & RECTIFIER CIRCUITS A dual-primary transformer allows operation at a
line voltage of 115 or 230 volts. AC power is supplied through a 4 wire
receptacle from the Front Panel ON/OFF switch. The transformer is located away
from the sweep drive
module to reduce magnetically coupled line ripple. Un-
regulated plus and minus voltages are supplied by two full wave rectifier
circuits and f iltered by C1 and C7. A 12 pin plug. mounted to the printed
circuit board, provides access to three unregulated voltages as well as the
regulated +18 -18, and -20V. This plug also accepts a scope horizontal signal
for connection to a Rear Panel connector. The pen-
lift switching circu it is also enabled through this plug.
PEN LIFT OPTION lnstallation of K50 and Rear Panel jacks provides a contact
closure which occurs during the sweep on-time. O11 is normally conducting from
current supplied through pin 9 of the 12 pin plug. When the base drive to 011
is removed, the relay is energized by the turn-on of 412. To prevent early
failure of the relay contacts, the relay is only energized during slow sweep
speeds and in the manual position of the front panel sweep rate selector.
+18 VOLT SERI ES REGULATOR Regulation is provided by lC1 which contains its
own internal reference supply. R9 provides an adjustment to +18.00
volts. An external pass transistor, 02, boosts the current
capability, and Q1 improves the current limiting character-
istics of lCi by providing amplif ication before limiting.
The +18 volt supply is protected against reverse voltage by CR7.
18 VOLT SERIES SHUNT REGULATOR The voltage reference for this supply is
obtained from the +18 volt supply through R20, and R19 provides the feedback
which is applied to lC2 which provides high gain forc-
ing 05 to maintain a shunt regulated voltage across R13. 03 and Q4 provide the
series pass element and are con-
nected as a compound emitter follower so that the voltage across R13 is not
loaded heavily. Short circuit protection
of 05 is provided by CR8. Current limiting is provided by 05, when 06 conducts
sufficiently to forward bias CR9
and CR 10. Reverse voltage protection is provided by CR 12.
-20 VOLT SERiES REGULATOR
The reference voltage for the -20V supply is applied to a differential
amplifier. 09 and Q10, which in conjuncrion
with 08 provides a compound emitter following action
similar to the pass element of the -‘l 8V supply.
CR 17 provides reverse voltage protection. Current limiting is provided by
shutting down of the -18 volt supply by 07 through CR 1 4 to the base of 05,
reducing the reference vol-
tage to the base of 09. This action is helped along by the conduction of CR13
if the -20 volt supply drops below -18
vo I ts.
4.4 SWEEP RATE (MODULE MlH)
M1H SWEEP RATE GENERATOR This module generates a variable rate square and
triangular waveform. Front Panel switching provides recurring, trig-
gered, or manual modes. The triangular waveform is a 32 volt peak-to-peak
signal with a sweep time variable from
1Oms to i00 seconds in four steps. Retrace time is held
constant at the fastest sweep time of each range. The triangular waveform is
used to provide the sweep drive and the scope horizontal signals.
The square wave output is a -1 to +15 volt signal whose -1 volt level
corresponcis to the sweep time and whose 15 volt level corresponds to the
retrace time. The square wave is
used to provide blanking of the RF output during retrace
time.
Triangular waveforms are generated in an integrator, Q1 , Q2,
03, and 04,bV applying positive and negative voltage levels to the integrator
input. When the integrator positive ramp output exceeds a threshold voltage, a
bi-stable hysteresis switch is switched, reversing the polarity of the
integrator dc input, causing the triangular waveform to start down toward
another threshold. lf the module is programmed in a recurring mode. the
negative ramp will trip the hysteresis switch producing continuous
oscillations. The hysteresis switch output is clipped on the negative polarity
and is used for blanking (pin 10) .
The symmetrical square wave output from the hysteresis switch (pin 9)
isconnected, through the Front Panel SWEEP TIME vernier and one of the range
determining resistors of the SWEEP TIME selector switch, to the integrator
input (pin 7). Since the integrator output voltage change is proportional to
the input voltage level, the SWEEP TIME ver-
nier provides a sweep time increase by reducing the hysteresis
switch output if the polarity is negative. lf the polarity is
4-4
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
positive, full output is retained (a diode opens the vernier ground
connection) producing a nearly constant retrace
time.
For triggered modes, the negative threshold of the hysteresis
switch is shifted out of the way by a diode and resistor con-
nected through O14 or through S102D. when in “line” position. The integrator
will now continue its negative ramp until it is stopped by a clamp circuit
turned on by a com-
parator. The inteErator output is now held at this level unless a trigger is
applied to the hysteresis switch. A trigger
cannot flip the hysteresis switch until this clamp level is
reached because the triggers must pass through an amplif ier
which is gated off until the clamp comparator (O9) con-
du cts.
Triggers are prevented from reaching the hysteresis switch (pin 6) by a
voltage at pin 1, which causes comparator 08 to open FET switch O14. The
primary function of the voltage at pin 1 is to shift the clamp comparator
input outof
the way to allow free-running oscillations.
Since the integrator is an inverting amplifier, and both input (pin 7) and
output (pin 8) are available, a feedback resistor network allows the SWEEP
TIME vernier, R102, to be used as a dc level shifter in the manual mode. A
non-inverting
amplifier consisting of 06, 07 and 019, with a gain ut 2,
provide a 32 volt peak-to-peak wave output which is used for
sweep drive. This output is divided by R18 and R53 to pro-
vide a horizontal drive of about 16 volts peak-to-peak at an
impedance of about 23K ohms.
A centering adjustment (R41 ) provides a dc level adjustment of the integrator
and horizontal outputs (pin 8, pin 12, and pin 11) by shifting both positive
and negative thresholds of
the hysteresis switch. A size adjustment (R45) provides an
amplitude adjustment by effectively varying the size of the hysteresis window.
Symmetry of trace and retrace time (for equal positive and negative input
voltages to the inte-
grator) is established by adjusting the integrator balance control R7. This
adjustment also affects the manual mode centering and the sweep period for
fully counterclockwise
rotation of the SWEEP TIME vernier.
The four sections of the SWEEP TIME selector switch pro-
gram the M1A module. The functions of each section are
listed below:
Section A Section B
I ntegrator input selector
Clamp level shift and routing switch
d i scon nect
Section C Section D
Trigger source selector
Line trigger routing, and hysteresis switch hold.
Circuit operation as modif ied by the switch positions may be understood by
considering the MANUAL, VARIABLE RATE, and LINE positions one at a time.
MANUAL POSITION
Section A. A feedback resistor R113 is connected from output (pin 8) to input
(pin 7) of the integrating amplifier. converting it to an inverting dc amplif
ier. Resistor R 114
shifts the amplif ier output dc level to -8 volts for zero input
voltage to R 104. When the SWEEP TIME vernier control R’l 02 is fully
clockwise, the negative input voltage to R 104 is suff icient to t sh if the
ou tput voltage to +8 volts dc.
Section B. The clamp is disabled in this position by apply” ing +18V to pin i,
causing the hysteresis switch input to be disconnected from any internal
source of triggers by opening the routing switch 014 (since OB is turned off).
The
shift bias is disconnected when O14 is open.
Section C. The trigger input point pin 4 is grounded.
Section D. The hysteresis switch is held in one state by
applying -18 volts to its input through a 33K ohm resistor. This causes the
output to be negative (this bistable circuit is
a positive feedback amplif ier) providing the proper polarity
to R102 and preventing blanking of the RF output.
VAR IAB LE RATE POSITIONS
Section A. Proper integrator input resistors are selected in decade increments
in these positions, R105 R108.
Section B. The clamp is disabled and triggers are held off unless the “pull
trigger” switch is opened, removing +18
vo I ts.
Section C. Two trigger sources are connected to pin 4; an external trigger
from REMOTE jack J101-7 and triggers from the Front Panel momentary TRIG
switch S103.
Section D. No connection is made to pin 6 in any of the
four variable rate positions.
LINE POSITION
Section A. The proper value integrating resistor is selected, by-passing the
SWEEP TIME vernier, to produce equal
sweep and retrace periods.
Section B. Clamping, works in this position independerrtly
of the “pull trig” switch.
Section C. The line rate square wave from the power supply is connected to the
trigger input.
4-5
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Section D. Amplif ied triggers are routed into the hysteresis switch
independently of the internal routing transistor,
providing additional (redundant) line rate reliability.
4.5 SWEEP DRIVE (MODULE M2H)
The M2H module provides the correct sweep drive voltage
required by each oscillator as programmed by the Front
Panel Tuning controls, Sweep Width controls, and the Mode switch.
These programs are summed to a standard voltage level and
then feed shaping circuits for each band which are en-
abled by the B-1 and B-2 voltages and by a synthezied B-3
vol tage.
The shaping diodes conduct at levels determined by a resis-
tor network driven by a constant current source, 07.
Aseachdiode conducts, an additional current is fed into the
summing junction of the output amplifier consisting of
012, O13, and O14.
The output waveform amplitude is controlled by R72, R76, and R80 which are
connected by switch transistors 015, O16, and O17 into the feedback path to
the summing junction.
This module also provides two regulated voltages for use primarily as
programming voltages and an invertinE amplifier to furnish an inverted
triangle wave for use in the start-
stop mode of programming.
4.6 SWEEP OSCILLATOR, BAND 1
(MODULE MgH)
The RF sweep signal for band i is developed by the hetro-
dyne method which utilizes two UHF sweep oscillators, a diode mixer, and a
wide-band RF amplifier.
Sweep oscillator, Q2, sweeps from approximately 1.4 to 1.65 GHz. The average
frequency is adjusted by R2 which controls the average bias on the varactor
diodes, CR 1, CR2, and CR3. The sweep drive voltage from pin 9 of the module
is connected to the opposite side of these diodes causing
the frequency to vary above and below this average frequency in a low-to-high
frequency direction.
Sweep oscillator, O5, is similar to the 02 circuit, however, the varactor
diodes have been reversed, and the polarity of the bias voltage supplied by
R12, course adjustment, and R13, CENT FINE adiustment, has been changed. These
changes cause the oscillator frequency to vary from a high to low frequency.
The approximate output f requency is 1.4 and 1.15 GHz. This out of phase sweep
techniquehas several advantages. First, larger sweep widths are obtainable and
second, the nonllnearity (FREQ versus TIME) of one oscillator is cancelled by
the nonlinearity of the second oscillator. R9, which is a linearity
adjustment, optimizes this cancelling process by controlling the sweep drive
ratio
between the oscillators.
The two sweep signals are combined in a single balance diode mixer comprised
ot L4, L5, CR8 and CR9. The resultant, difference frequency, of 0 to 500 MHz,
is then amplified in the wide band amplifier consisting of transistor stages
All , O12, and O13.
Transistor stages 06 and 07 supply the blanking voltage to the wide band
amplifier and causes it to be shut off during the sweep retrace time- The
output from the wide band amplif ier is connected to J1, which in turn is
connected to the output wide band amplif ier located in module M10H. A second
output is also obtained from this amplifier and is
coupled, via R45, to a similar wide band amplifier consisting
of transistor stages O14, O15, and 016. The output from
this amplif ier is connected to J2 which in turn is connected to the marker
generating circuits.
Transistors 08, 09, and 010 provide a -‘l 5 volt supply to operate the sweep
oscillators. This improves stability and
provides isolation between the oscillators and the -18 volt supply.
4.7 OUTPUT AMPLIFIER, BAND 1
(MODULE MloH)
The M10H module contains a wide band amplifier, an electronic attenuator, and
a leveler amplifier.
WIDE BAND AMPLIFIER
This amplifier provides 2 stages of RF amplification to increase the RF input
level present at 01 by about 40dB.
The f requency response of this amplif ier is reduced for f re-
quencies near 0.5 MHz or lower and above 500 MHz.
The input amplif ier stage consisting of Ol, 02, and 03 is
enabled by the B+1 switching voltage, and the output stage, consisting oI 04,
05, and 06 by the -20 voltage, when the Front Panel band switch is in the Band
1 position. The -20 voltage also provides current through R30 and the RF out-
46
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
put cable to turn on a pin diode, located in the M 19H module,
which couples the band 1 RF output into the RF output
system.
ELECTRONIC ATTENUATOR
Ahead of the first RF amplifier is an electronic attenuator consisting of PIN
diodes, CR 1, CR2, and CR3 which provides variable RF conductance proportional
to the positive current supplied through the switching transistor 07.
LEVELER OUTPUT (PIN 6)
The leveler amplifier (09, O10, and O11) provides leveling of the RF output
for Bands 1,2 and 3 by supplying a positive current to the electronic
attenuator system for each band as directed by the band switching voltages
(B-1 , B-2, and B-3) which turn on the correct switching transistor for that
band (in the M10H module or the M19H module) .
A positively increasing output voltage from the leveler amplifier will
increase the RF output level. RF blanking is effected by a positive input
voltage (pin 4) to switching transistor Q8 which causes the leveler output
(pin 6) to go negative during sweep retrace time shutting off the electronic
attenuator.
LEVELER INPUTS (Pin 5 and Pin 7)
A monitor diode, located external to the M10H. provides
a negative DC voltage related to the RF output level present in the output
system. The output system ar.rd monitor diode is located in the M19H module or
in an external monitor circuit. This negative voltage is connected to one
input of the operational amplifier, consisting of 09, O10, and O1 1.
Since an increasingly negative voltage at the input will reduce the positive
current supplied to each electronic attenuator, the RF output level is held
constant, by negative
feedback, at a level determined by a reference voltage. This reference voltage
varies under control of the LEVEL PRO
GRAM input voltage at pin 7 of the M10H module. The
magnitude of this negativevoltage is determined by the MAX pot which sets the
maximum RF level when the program
voltage is maximum (-18 volts) . The MIN pot provides a
small negative reference voltage which determines the minimum RF level when
the level program voltage at pin 7 is zero.
4.8 SWEEP OSCILLATOR, BANDS 2 & 3
(MODULE M19H)
This module contains two separate sweep oscillators, each with its voltage
variable attenuator and the necessary switching circuitry to connect either
band 1, band 2, or band 3 to the common monitor and RF output connector.
Band 1 is connected to the RF output circuit by PIN diode CR9. The control
current for switching this diode is contained in the M10H module.
Band 2 oscillator, consisting of 06 and its associated circuitry, is a common
base oscillator varactor-tuned by CR2, CR3, CR4 and CR5. Biasing of the
varactor diodes is provided by 01 and 02. 03 is a switching transistor which
disconnects the bias voltage from the varactors when the unit is operated on
band 1or band 3. The B -voltage for
the oscillator is modulated by the blanking signal, from pin
4, in transistor stages 04 and 05. This modulation causes
the oscillator to be cut off during the sweep retrace period, thereby
providing a zero RF output level during the retrace time. The RF signal is
coupled from the oscillator. by L9.
to a voltage variable attenuator consisting of CR6, CR7
and CR8. This attenuator is part of the closed loop leveling
system consisting of the monitor diode CR20, the leveler amplif ier, (located
in the M10H module) and the voltage variable attenuator. The operation of this
circuit maintains a constant amplitude RF signal at the monitor point and also
allows adjustment of this signal over a 20dB range. Since the effective
impedance at the monitor point is zero ohms, R46 establishes the output
impedance at approximately 50 ohms.
Band 3 oscillator is almost identical to band 2. The os-
cillator tank inductance has been decreased and the oscillator transistor,
O14, is operated at a slightly higher current.
The varactor bias is provided by 09 and O10 and the Bblanking is provided by
O11 and O12. Current during the
sweep retrace time is not completely removed but is steered by 013 through
CR12. This current will not cause oscilla-
tion since L15 has been by-passed. lt does, however, pro-
vide better frequency stability in the oscillator. The RF signal is coupled
from the oscillator, by L20, through the voltage variable attenuator
consisting of CR17. CR18 and CR19 and to the RF output.
07 and 08 help provide the proper bias to the shunt diodes in the voltage
variable attenuators, in order to maintain a constant load for the oscillator,
thus minimizing the frequency pulling effects of the attenuator.
4-7
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Transistors O15 and O16 are switching transistors which connect the output of
the leveling amplif ier to the voltage
variable attenuator associated with the operating band.
4.9 MARKER ADDER (MODULE MsH)
The main function of this module is adding together and
amplifying the individual marker signals from the M6 marker
modules. lt also contains the external marker mixer circuit and the sweep
sample selection and leveling circuits.
The desired sweep sample signal (band 1 or band 2 and band 3) is selected by
the PIN diode switch CR4 and CR5.
The sweep sample signal is then leveled in the same manner as the main RF
output signal. The voltage from the monitor, CR7, and the reference voltage
from R46 is fed to the leveling amplif ier consisting of transistor stages O
12 and O 13.
O11 provides blanking of the leveling amplifier. Any error between the two
input signals is amplified and fed to the voltage variable attenuator CR6. The
operation of this circuit produces a constant amplitude signal at the monitor
poi nt.
The leveled sweep sample signal is connected to the external marker mixer, CR1
and CR2, and to the sweep sample out-
put connector, J4. A 47 ohm resistor, which is connected
between J4 and the monitor point, establishes the source impedance at
approximately 50 ohm. The signal is then routed to each M6 marker module.
The marker output signals from the individual MO marker modules are connected
to the input pins 1,2, 3, and 4 of the M5H module. One or two M6 outputs are
connected to
each input. The signals are then amplified in the input
stages (02, 03, 04, and 05) and combined in the common collector load. The
collector load is an external 10mH choke when the Front Panel MARKER WIDTH
Selector is set to “W|DE”, or a 3.3k ohm resistor, R21, when the Width
Selector is set to “NARROW.” The combined marker signals are then amplified in
transistor stages 06, 07 and
08. The Front Panel Marker WIDTH Selecter also varies the high frequency gain
of the amplifier by connecting
capacitance across R27, the feedback resistor. The amplif ied
signal is then fed to the complimentary output stage, 09 and O10, which is
biased so that input signals less than 0.5
voltsare notamplif ied. This eliminates most spurious markers and noise from
the output. The output is then connected to the Front Panel MARKER SIZE
Control and finally to the Front Panel SCOPE VERT. connector.
4.10 MARKERS (MODULE M6’s)
Each marker module contains a crystal oscillator, a tuned
or untuned mixer and a marker amplif ier. Harmonic generator marker modules
also include one or more harmonic
generating stages.
Several types of marker modules are required to cover the wide frequency range
and to produce both single frequency and harmonic type markers. A single
frequency marker
generator produces a marker at a single frequency while the harmonic marker
generator produces markers at harmonically related frequencies of the crystal
oscillator.
The model number for single frequency markers is M65
followed by the marker frequency. The model number for harmonic markers is M6H
followed by the harmonic marker frequency.
The Crystal Oscillator operates between the frequencies of 100 kHz and 55 MHz.
Several different types of oscillators
are required to cover this range of frequencies. The 100 kHz oscillators use a
tuned oscillator with the crystal operating at its fundamental f requency in a
series resonant mode. The 1 to 17 MHz crystal oscillators are either tuned
series
resonant mode oscillators or untuned pierce type oscillators’ The 17 to 55 MHz
oscillators use a tuned Colpits oscillator with the crystal operating at its
third overtone f requency in a series resonant mode. The tuning supresses the
crystal fundamental and higher order resonant frequencies. The crystal and
marker frequency are the same for frequencies
between 100 kHz and 55 MHz. The markers above 55
MHz use harmonic generating techniques.
The output from the crystal oscillator (or harmonic generator) is combined
with the sweep sample in the mixer stage. ln the case of single frequency
markers, the mixer includes a tuned circuit which selects the desired crystal
or crystalharmonic frequency and the sweep sample frequency. ln the case of a
harmonic marker, the mixer is untuned. The mixer circuit is generally a diode
mixer, although transistor mixers are sometimes used. The fundamental and
product signals are filtered from the mixer output, leaving the “difference
signal” which is applied to the marker amplifier
stage.
The marker amplifier is a single stage amplifier having a frequency response
of several kHz to approximately 500 kHz.
The output of the marker amplifier is connected through the SIZE Control to
the output pin of the module.
48
5 sEcTrol{
iIAINTE]IA}ICE
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides information for testing, calibrating,
and trouble shooting the sweep generator. The performance test is designed for
incoming inspection and periodic evalua-
tion. lf performance is not to specif ications, refer to the
calibration and trouble shooting sections.
5,2 SERVICE INFORMATION
5.2.1 DISASSEMBLY INFORMATION
0
,-,.a))
. “1-“”
o
^ “vdr-i
l
“@,
q-J Figure 5-1. DisassemblY
REMOVAL OF BOTTOM COVER – Remove the two rear feet (A) and lift cover off with
a slight rear movement.
REMOVAL OF TOP COVER – Remove the single screw (B) from the top and lift off
cover with a slight rear move-
ment.
REMOVAL OF SIDE PANEL – Either side panel can be removed to provide better
access by removing the four
screws holding the side panel to the instrument. The Front
Panel/Module Section can be removed from the power supply section by removing
two screws holding the sections together and by disconnecting the electrical
connectors between the two sections. NOTE: The separation of the two sections
performs no useful purpose during normal
service procedures.
5.2.2 MODULE SERVICING
SERVICE KIT K102 – This service kit contains a module
extender and RF extension cables which enables the module
to be electrically operated while physically located above the rest of the
modules, thereby making all parts easily
access i bl e.
REMOVAL OF MODULE – Modules may be removed by
removing any cables attached to the top of the module and removing the hold-
down screw (C) from the bottom. Pushing up on the module ball studswill help
free the ballstuds f rom the chassis mounted spring clips.
REMOVAL OF MODULE COVER – Remove all nutsand
screws from the top of the module and slide the cover off’
REINSTALLING MODULE Before reinstalling the
module, check the module pins for proper alignment, then carefully seat the
module pins into the chassis socket and
replace the hold-down screw (C) to insure a good ground
connection between module and chassis’
MODULE PIN NUMBERING SYSTEM — The module pins are numbered as shown in Figure
5-2′ The ball studs for the circuit modules are located off center to prevent
the module’s being plugged in backwards. This off-center ball stud location
also provides a method for locating pin
1.
I./ARKER MODULE
M6
lmaSZE ADJUSTMENT
Itg le’ ,./ ll 341 Nll
CIRCUIT MODULE
llu _ ^6
@@5 o4 @3@2@t @ @7A@@91-0-@l-lta2@@@
V
TAPPTD FaR 6-32 x5//614.
HOLD.DAWN SCREWS
SALL s7′,Os
(oFF cNTR)
BOTTOM VIEW
Figure 5-2. IVlodule Pin Numbering System
5-1
MAINTENANCE
5.2.3 TRANSISTOR LEAD CONFIGURATION – Transistor lead configurations are shown in Figure 5-3.
ffi 2N3854A 2 N3391 A ECB
2N 3905
M PS 3702
ffi,*,,,,W 2N 5088 2 N6507 2 N65l I E BC
DUAL
ffir’i?, Wrnur
EC8
0sG
OR
SDG
ffi
7A 3l
2N697 2Nr305 2 N 3866 2N5t09 40539
@=3’*””.
ffiifii’ m’
=
It ,^,,(= @,
ooo,o
i::::i
Figure 5-3. Transistor Lead Configuration
5.2.4 RECOMMENDED TEST EOUIPMENT – The following test equipment, recommended
for servicing, trouble shoot-
ing, and calibrating the Wavetek Model 2001, is shown in Table 5-1.
TABLE 5-1. RECOMMEIIDED TEST EOUlPMENT
INSTRUMENT Oscilloscope
Digital voltmeter Power Meter
R F Detector
Spectrum Analyzer
Precision Attenuator Pads Marker Generators
CW Signal Generator
CRITICAL REOUIREMENT
DC Coupled 1mV/cm sensitivity
0.1% Accuracy
Frequency Range
10 to 1500 MHz
Frequency Range
1 to 1500 MHz
Frequency Range 10 MHz to 3 GHz
10,20, & 40dB 1, 10 & 50 MHz Harmonic Markers
Adjustable to 925 MHz with 0.1 V output,
accuracy t10 MHz
RECOMMENDED H P-1 30
Weston 1240 HP.437A HP-8485A Wavetek D 152
HP8555A/8552A
Weinchel 50-10, 50-20, 50-40 Wavetek M6H-1. M6H-10, M6H-50
5-2
MAINTENANCE
5.3 PERFORMANCE CHECKS
The following procedure is intended to ensure that the instrument meets its
published specifications. The checks specified assume that the instrument is
equipped with A-2 optionsat 1 MHz, 10 MHz, and 50 MHz. While it is possible to
check the instrument’s performance without the use of harmonic markers, by
using suitable external CW sources, a complete check by this method is
impractical.
5.3.1 PRELIMINARY CHECK
Rotate both START and STOP thumb wheels to their low-
est frequency position (turn full left). Both frequency indicators must read 0
MHz, l2MHz, when read on the SWEEP WIDTH frequency scale. (lnterpolation on
the
Sweep Width scale between 0 and 10 MHz is necessary to locate +2 MHz).
Preset controls as follows: BAND to 1, SWEEP TIME to LINE, OUTPUT to +1OdBm,
MARKER WIDTH to WIDE, MODE to CW, the four paddle switches to their extreme
down position, 50 MHz HAR markers to on (in position) and the remaining
markers and MOD off. Set the CENT FREO to 250 MHz {left thumb wheel) and
connect the power meter to the RF out connector. (Ensure the power
meter ison the +10dBm scale) .
Turn AC power on and allow the instrument to stabilize
for 5 minutes. The power meter must read between +9.5 to +10.5dBm. The
calibrating procedure calls for +10dBm adjustment at 300 MHz. However, some
error must be allowed for changes due to ambient operating temperature
and variations between power meters.
5.3.2 FREOUENCY CHECKS
Connect the instrument to the RF detector and scope as
shown in typical setup Figure 5-4. SettheSWEEPWIDTH control (right thumb
wheel) to 520 MHz and the MODE
switch to aF. Leave the rest of the controls as previously set in step 5.3.1.
Adjust the MARKER SIZE, the scope
vertical, and scope horizontal controls to obtain a pattern as shown in Figure
5-5. Use DC coupling on both the vertical and horizontal scope inputs. The
output voltage from the detector will be approximately 0.8 volts. A detected
output less than 0.7 volts indicates a defective detector or an uncalibrated
scope. Each 50 MHz marker must fall within i0.2 cm of each CM line on the
scope graticule. This is equivalent to a display linearity of 2%. This 2%
specification is extremely important since all dial accuracy specifica-
tion are directly related to it. Repeat check on BANDS 2 and 3. I n order to
identify absolute frequencies on bands 2 and 3, an external CW signal can be
connected to the EXTERNAL MARKER lN connector to identify one of the 50 MHz
harmonic markers. This also verifies the operation of the external rnarker
circuit.
-T
-T
Figure 5-4. Typical Set-Up
53
MAINTENANCE
WITH NO INPUT, ADJUST HORIZONTAI. POSITION TO SET THE ‘DOT” AT THE 5 cm
(CENTER) tlNE
ADJU5T HORIZONTAT SENSITIVITY
FOR A OISPTAY WIDTH OF EXACTI.Y + 52cm -l
BAND I
O
BAND 2
45O
BAND 3
9OO
250 700 I150
500 950 t400
Figure 5-5. RF Detector Display
To check the minimum frequency on band 1, set BAND to
1 and frequency dials (use either S/S or aF MODE) to sweep approximately 0 to
10 MHz. Turn on the 10 MHz
harmonic marker and locate the first marker on the right of
zero lock-in point. Turn on the 1 MHz harmonic marker and count down to 1 MHz.
The detected output must be leveled down to the 1 MHz marker at all settlngs
of the
OUTPUT vernier.
5.3.3 MINIMUM SWEEPWIDTH CHECK
Set MODE to aF and adjust SWEEP WIDTH to exactly 1
MHz (use 1 MHz markers). Adjust the MARKER WIDTH
to produce a marker approximately 200 kHz wide. Next, adjust the SWEEP WIDTH
to minimum. The 2OO kHz wide marker should cover the entire scope display.
Repeat
the above check for bands 2 and 3. readjusting sweep
width and center frequency as required. The minimum sweep width is less than
2OO kHz on all bands.
5.3.4 RESIDUAL FM CHECK
Readjust SWEEP WIDTH to produce a calibrated frequency
display of exactly 1 MHz full scale. Adjust CENTER FREOUENCY control to center
one of the 1 MHz har-
54
monic markers on the scope display. Residual FM can be read directly on the
scope display by noting the amount of jitter of the marker. (A jitter of 0.2cm
would be equal to 20 kHz).
Change SWEEP TIME selector from LINE to the 0. 1 – 0.01
position and again read the marker jitter. The additional jitter in this
position represents the line related residual. Maximum allowable jitter is 15
kHz. Alternate Method to
read residual FM is with a spectrum analyzer.
5.3.5 FREOUENCY DRIFT
Return SWEEP TIME selector to LINE and again calibrate the display’s sweep
width to 1 MHz. Position the marker to the exact center of the oscilloscope
display and read frequency drift directly from the scope display by noting the
change in the markers position with time. Each centimeter represents 100 kHz.
When reading drift over long periods of time, calibrate the display sweep
width to 5 MHz, using the 1 MHz harmonic marker. Next turn off the 1 MHz
marker and turn on the 50 or 10 MHz harmonic markers. Center a marker on the
scope display and read drift as before, except
each cent’rneter now represents 500 kHz.
Maximum allowable drift is 100 kHz per 5 minutes or 2 MHz per 8 hours, after a
one hour warm-up at a constant
ambient temperature, and allowing. a 5 minute stabilizing period after a
frequency change.
5.3.6 DIAL ACCURACY CHECK
aF MODE: Set MODE to aF, BAND to 1, MARKER
WIDTH to wide and turn on the 50 MHz harmonic marker. (1 and 10 marker off).
Set SWEEP WIDTH to approximate-
ly 1 to 2 MHz and adjust CENT FREO control until the
zero frequency lock-in point is exactly center on the scope display. Read the
error on the frequency scale. Repeat at each 50 MHz harmonic intervals across
the band. The
allowable error is t10 MHz.
Repeat check on bands 2 and 3. An additional frequency error is produced by
the pulling effect of the OUTPUT
vernier on bands 2 and 3, therefore, rotate the OUTPUT vernier thru its entire
range at each 50 MHz check point. lncreasing the SWEEP WIDTH to approximately
5 MHz will simplify reading. The allowable error on band 2 and 3 is2% of the
indicated frequency.
The accuracy of the SWEEP WIDTH scale can be checked with the 50 MHz harmonic
marker in a similar manner. Set the actual sweep width to 50, 100, 150, etc.,
and read the error on the SWEEP WIDTH scale. Accuracy on band 1 is
MAINTENANCE
i10 MHz, and on band 2 and 3 r20 MHz. Again, accuracy
on band 2 and 3 is affected by the OUTPUT vernier control.
START/STOP MODE: Return to BAND 1 and set the MODE to S/S (Start/Stop). Set
START to -10 MHz and STOP to 510 MHz. A pattern similar to Figure 5-5 should
be present on the scope display. Reduce STOP control until the 500 MHz marker
just disappears from the right side of its scope display; read error of the
S-IOP frequency indicator (red), repeat at each 50 MHz interval.
Return STOP dial to 510 MHz and adjust START control until the zero lock-in
point just disappear from the left
side of the scope display;read error of the START frequency indicator (green),
repeat at each 50 MHz interval. Allowable
error is the same as band 1 in the af mode, t10 MHz.
Recheck for bands 2 and 3, vary OUTPUT vernier at each 50 MHz check point.
Allowable error is 2% of indicated
frequency.
5.3.7 CW MODE CHECK
Turn MODE switch to CW. This position removes the return trace blanking and
the sweep width drive from the oscillator. The output frequency is controlled
by the CENTER FREO control and the dial accuracy will be the
same as previously checked at the af mode. The detected
pattern on the scope will be a negative voltage equal to that
produced in the S/S and af mode with the absence of the
zero level return trace.
5.3.8 SPURIOUS SIGNAL CHECK
Checking for spurious signal content is not normally required for periodic
calibration, only for initial incoming inspec-
tion. The only practical way to measure the spurious signal content is with a
high quality spectrum analyzer covering the frequency range of 10 MHz to 3
GHz. The spurious check is made in accordance to the instructions furnished
with the particular spectrum analyzer.
The main spurious signals on all three bands is the second
and third harmonic of the output signal and should be more than 26dB below the
main output signal from 10 to
500 MHz on band 1 and 26dB below the output signal from
500 to 1400 MHz on bands 2 and 3. Harmonic content is
not specified below 10 MHz on band 1 and an increase of the second harmonic
output to approximately 22dB below the output in the 450 to 500 MHz area of
band 2 is normal.
ln addition to the harmonically related spurious signals,
band 1 will have non-harmonic spurious signals due to the
hetrodyne method of obtaining the sweep output signal’ These spurious signals
are typically 40 to 50dB below the output from 10 to 400 MHz and increase to
no more than 26dB below the output in the 400 to 500 MHz area.
5.3.9 RF OUTPUT FLATNESS (amplitude variations vs.
frequency)
Flatness can be checked with a negative polarity RF detector or a power meter.
The power meter method is to be preferred since its own flatness is better
than that of most RF detectors. A 0.5d8 detector flatness is typical of many
detectors over this frequency range. However, the power meter has two
limitations not present in the RF detector. First, slow response time and
second, not useable below 20 MHz. The first limitation can be overcome by
making the flatness measurements in the CW mode, the second by making flatness
measurements with a detector in the low
frequency area.
To measure flatness, set the MODE switch to CW, OUTPUT control to +1OdBm, and
connect the power meter to the RF output connector. Tune the entire frequency
range from 20 to 1400 MHz and note the frequency where maximum output was
obtained. With the OUTPUT VERNIER control setthe 6utput at that frequency to
exactly +10dBm’ Again tune the entire band and note the minimum output
reading. A minimum output of 8.5dBm or more is required to meet the flatness
specifications of r0.75dB.
5.3.10 RF OUTPUT LEVEL
The MAX RF output level is set to produce exactly +10dBm
at 300 MHz. This produces the minimum error over the greatest frequency range
and can be checked by using the power meter while operating the instrument in
the CW
mode.
5.3.11 ATTENUATORS
20dB Vernier: The accuracy of the 20dB vernier can be
checked using the power meter while operating the instrument in the CW mode.
The vernier dial is calibrated at 300
MHz. Dial accuracy is:L0.5dB to 500 MHz, ildB to 1000 MHz, and i2dB to 1400
MHz. This error is contributed
by the vernier and does not include the basic flatness error
at +10dBm.
70dB Attenuator: The accuracy of the step attenuator can be measured by using
a suitable Attenuation Test Set or by directly substituting precision RF
attenuator pads for each 10dB step of the attenuator. The difference between
the
two outputs represents the attenuator error. An R F
5-5
MAINTENANCE
detector can be used to recover the signal at levels down to approximately
-40dBm. Below this level an RF amplifier
or sensitive receiver (spectrum analyzer) must be used.
Allowability error is r0.5dB to 500 MHz. ildb to 1000
MHz, and r2dB to 1400 MHz. This error is that produced
by the step attenuator alone and does not include the basic flatness or the
vernier attenuator error.
5.3.12 SWEEP TIME CHECK (Horizontal Output Check)
Connect the horizontal output of the sweep generator to the oscilloscope
vertical input. Adjust the oscilloscope controls for an internally generated,
automatic. line-triggered sweep of 2ms/cm and a vertical sensitivity of 2V
lcm. Adjust the sweep generator SWEEP TIME selector to LINE lock and ensure
that the TRIG/RECUR switch is in the RECUR position. Adjust the oscilloscope
vertical position,
horizontal position, and trigger level to obtain the wave-form shown in Figure
5-6.
*8V
–
0v-
_8V
RETRACE
l6ms @ 6O Hz 20mr @ 5O Hr
Figure 5-6. Scope Horizontal Output
Adjust the sweep generatorSWEEP TIME selector to.’1 -.01 position. Ensure that
the VARIABLE MANUAL control is
fully clockwise. The wait time should disappear and the sweep time should be
less than iOms with approximately equal sweep time and retrace time periods.
Adjust the oscilloscope time base to 5Oms/cm. Adjust the sweep
generator VA R I AB LElMAN UAL control f u lly counterclock-
wise. The sweep time should be more than 100ms with approximately a i0:1 ratio
between the sweep and retrace
time periods.
NOTE: The retrace time period remains constant within any one SWEEP TIME range
setting and the VARIABLE/ MANUAL control varies the sweep time period. With
the
VARIABLE/MANUAL control fully clockwise the sweep and retrace times are both
approximately 0.01 seconds. With the control fully counterclockwise the sweep
time be-
comes approximately 0.1 seconds and the retrace time remains 0.01 seconds. On
the next lower range (1-.1) the retrace time would remain 0.1 sec and the
sweep time would
vary from 0.1 to i second.
Repeat these checks for the 1′.1, 10-1, and 100-10 sec
positions of SWEEP TIME selector switch. Adjust oscilloscope time base as
necessary to ensure that the VAR IAB LE/ MANUAL control will adjust the sweep
time from faster than the maximum to slower than the minimum specifications
for each range.
Adjust the SWEEP TIME selector to MANUAL and adjust the VARIABLE/MANUAL
throughout its range. A DC voltage should be present that is variable from
-8V, r.5V,
with the control fully counterclockwise to +8V, 1.5V, with the control fully
clockwise.
Adjust the SWEEP TIME selector to the .1-.01 position and
set the TRIG/RECUR switch to TRIG. The sweep should now be disabled. Moving
the switch to the upper most position (spring loaded position) and releasing
it should
produce one complete sweep cycle.
NOTE: The triggered mode of operation is only possible in the variable rate
positions and will not operate in the LINE lock position of the SWEEP TIME
selector.
5.3.13 MARKER SYSTEM CHECK
Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 5-4. Adjust the
sweep generator and oscilloscope controls to obtain the display shown in
Figure 5-5. The actual control settings
would be the same as in paragraph 5.3.2.
NOTE: The following performance check is for a 50 MHz harmonic marker.
Specifications, with the exception of
spurious markers, are the same f or either single f requency or harmonic type
markers and the procedure for verif ication of performance does not differ.
Single frequency markers should have no spurious markers throughout the swept
range. Harmonic type markers may or may not have small spurious markers at one
half or one third the specified marker interval.
MARKER SIZE
Observe the markers and ensure they are of equal amplitude throughout the
range. Repeat this check for bands 2 and 3.
5-6
MAINTENANCE
Set the oscilloscope vertical gain to 2Vlcm and adjust the MARKER SIZE control
fully clockwise. The markers should be approximately 12V peak-to-peak in
amplitude. Set the MARKER SIZE switch to mid-position and adjust the
oscilloscope vertical gain to 50mV/cm. The markers
should be approximately 50mV peak-to-peak in amplitude. Adjust the MARKERS
SIZE control fully counterclockwise
and set the oscilloscope vertical gain to 100uV/cm. The
markers should be less than 100uV peak-to-peak in amplitude. Set the MARKER
SIZE switch to the down position and adjust the oscilloscope vertical gain to
50mV/cm. The markers should be approximately 50mV peak-to-peak in amplitude.
Set the MARKER SIZE switch to the up posi-
tion. Positive rectif ied markers should be present for use with X-Y recording
instruments. The amplitude will be dependent on the output impedance of the RF
detector being used. The amplitude should be adjustable from aoproximately 6V
maximum to ‘l mV minimum with a detector impedance of 1 meg ohm, or from 0.5V
to 1mV
with a detector impedance of 0 ohms. NOTE: The sweep width must be decreased
or the sweep time increased to ob-
serve the rectif ied marker.
MARKER TILT
Set the MARKER SIZE switch to the down position and set the MARKER TILT switch
to the up position.
While adjusting the MARKER SIZE control throughout its range, note that the
birdy marker is adjustable from a 12V peak-to-peak vertical marker to a
horizontal marker approxi mately equal to 1Oo/o of the horizontal deflections
(1 cm on a 1Ocm def lection).
MARKER WIDTH
Return the MARKER TILT switch to the down position. Turn on the 1 MHz markers
and adjust the MARKER SIZE control for approximately a 4cm marker. Adjust the
CENTER FREOUENCY and SWEEP WIDTH controls to calibrate the oscilloscope for a
l MHz sweep width.
Adjust the CENTER FREOUENCY to center the birdy
zero beat on the oscilloscope center graticule line and note
that the marker width is approximately 400 KHz wide (each cm equals 100 kHz).
Decrease the MARKER WIDTH switch one position and note that the marker is
approximately 2OO kHz wide. Decrease the MARKER WIDTH switch one position and
note that the marker is approximately 100 kHz wide. Decrease the MARKER WIDTH
switch to the most narrow position. The marker
is now approximately i 0 kHz wide.
MARKER ACCURACY
Markeraccuracy may be verif ied by one of several methods. Thefirst method
requires a signal generator and a frequency counter covering the desired
marker frequency. First adjust the sweep generator’s center frequency to the
markers frequency and the sweep width to approximately 2 MHz. Connect the
output from the signal generator to the EXTERNAL MARKER lN jack. located on
front panel, and
carefully adjust the signal generator for a zero beat with the internally
generated birdy marker. Next, connect the signal generator’s output to the
counter and read the signal
generator f requency which is now identical to the internal markers frequency.
Allowable error is 0.005% of the marker frequency. The second method uses the
counter only
but requires the removal of the instrument and marker
module covers. Probe the marker box with the input lead from the counter until
sufficient signal is picked up to provide a counter reading. The highest
crystal frequency used is 50 MHz. Markers above this f requency use harmonics
of the crystal frequency. Again the allowable error is 0.005% of the crystal
frequency.
Test equipment for the marker accuracy check is not listed in the recommended
test equipment chart since the requirements vary with the method and the
specific markers in-
stalled in the unit. Also, the inheritent stability of the
quartz crystal makes a marker accuracy check unnecessary in all but the most
critical applications.
5.3.14 EXTERNALPROGRAMMING
External programming inputs are not normally checked on incoming inspection
unless these special functions are to be used in a particular application. The
program input signals, external controls necessary, and input pin connectors
are covered in Section 3 under Operating lnstructions. lf it is necessary to
check these functions at incoming inspec-
tion, reference can be made to that section of the manual for complete set-up
instructions.
5.4 MECHANICAL ADJUSTMENT OF FRE-
OUENCY INDICATOR TAPES
Rotate both START and STOP thumb wheels to their lowest frequency position,
turn to left. Both f requency indicators must read 0 MHz L2 MHz when read on
the
SWEEP WIDTH frequency scale; if not, proceed as follows: With reference to
Figure 5-7, disengage IDLER by forcing IDLER SPRING to a disengaged position.
While IDLER is disengaged, rotate the TAPE DRIVE until the frequency
indicator indicates zero frequency, release the IDLER SPRING and engage the
IDLER. lf the frequency error is
5-7
MAINTENANCE
still more Ihan 2 MHz, loosen the screw holding the TAPE
GUIDE and rotate the GUIDE so the TAPE can be disengaged from the sprockets on
the TAPE DRIVE. Disengage the TAPE from the TAPE DRIVE sprockets and advance
the tape one sprocket in the opposite direction of the fre-
quency error. Engage the TAPE on the sprockets, reposi-
tion the TAPE GUIDE and tighten the screw. Again disen-
gagethe IDLER and turn theTAPE DRIVE to indicate zero frequency. The Front
Panel frequency control thumb wheel must be held against its mechanical stop
during the
entire adjustment procedure.
TAPE GUIDE FRON PANEL
Figure 5-7. Tape Drive R9
;
w :
POWER PLUO
REMOTE JACK
Figure 5-8. Power Supply
5.5 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
Remove top cover, bottom cover, left side panel and M2H module cover. Allow a
15 minute warm-up period before
calibrating. ln general, calibration must be performed in the sequence given. Refer to Figures 5 8, 5-9 and 5-17 for adiustment and test point location.
58
MAINTENANCE
5.5.1 +18 VOLT ADJUSTMENT
Connect the digital voltmeter 1o ths +18 volt supply, pin 6 on the power plug
and adjust R9 to produce +18V :l10mV. (See Figure 5-8).
5.5.2 .18 VOLT CHECK
Connect the digital voltmeter to the -18 volt supply, pin 4
on power plug. The reading must be -18 volts +50mV.
5.5.3 20 VOLT CHECK
Connect the digital voltmeter to the 20 volt supply, pin 5 on the power plug.
The reading must be -20 volts i0.3V.
5.5.4 16 VOLT CHECK
CAUTION: The + and 16 volt supplies are not short circuit protected. Connect
the digital voltmeter to the -16
volt supply. pin 3 of the remote jack. lt must read -16 volts 1.0 1 volt.
(Record reading) .
5.5.5 +16 VOLT ADJUSTMENT
Connect the digital voltmeter to the +16 volt supply, pin 2 of the remote
jack, and adjust R95 (see Figure 5-9) to obtain exactly the same voltage, but
of opposite polarity, as recorded for the -16 volt supply in paragraph 5.5.4.
5.5.6 SWEEP RATE ADJUSTMENTS – MODULE MlH
See Figure 5-17 for location of MlH module and adjustment. Set Front Panel
controls as follows: TRIG/RECUR switch to RECUR, SWEEP TIME switch to .1-.01
sec, and VAR/MANUAL control completely clockwise. Connect
the scope vertical input to the output of the rate generator, pin 10 of the
REMOTE jack, and adjust the scope vertical and horizontal time base controls
to produce a stable pattern similar to Figure 5-10. Adjust M1H CENT control to
obtain an output symetrical about zero volts and the M1H SIZE control to
obtain the 32 volt peak-to-peak amplitude. This is a preliminary adjustment,
final adjustment will be covered in paragraph 5.5.7.
TP#/
NR#IADJ cNT, StZE
5WEP WIDT.4 ADJ.
I 8^ND(
tl
?
+/6VOLTADJ
FI
Ir
ft
lel
Ort E] t9aa n a ra
–
/
-I6V
l-r
L
–
Figure 5-10. Sweep Ramp (M1H Output)
Next set the Front Panel VAR/MANUAL control fully CCW and adjust the M1H
INT/BAL to produce a sweep time of 0. 12 seconds. See Figure 5-11.
Then set the Front Panel SWEEP TIME to LINE and adjust the M1H CLAMP control to clamp the negative going peak of the MlH outputto -’16 volts. See Figure 5-12.
Finally adjust the WAIT control mounted on rear of the SWEEP TIME switch
assembly, see Figure 5-17, until the wait time as shown in Figure 5-12 is
approximately 1 milli-
second.
Figure 5-9. M2H Module
5-9
MAINTENANCE
The frequency accuracy of the unit is dependent on the +1 6 volt reference
supply, the -16 volt reference supply, the 32
volt peak-to-peak sweep ramp and the inverted 32 volt
sweep ramp. These four voltages must be precisely adjusted
in relation to each other to maintain dial and display
accu racy.
] 7 A
/
I
+I6V (REMOIE JACK PrN 2l
SWEEP RAMP IREMOTE JACK, PIN IO}
INVERTED SWEEP RAMP (REMOTE JACK, PIN I5)
-I6V (REMOTE
JACK, PIN 3)
Figure 5-1 1. M1H Bal Adlustment
-ov
Figure 5-12. Sweep Ramp
5.5.7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN +16,-16, SWEEP RAMP and INVERTED SWEEP RAMP
The next step is possibly the most critical to the overall
performance of the generator and requires some explanation. 5-10
Figure 5-13. Relationship Between Sources
The + and -1 6 volt references can easily be set up accurately
as already described in paragraphs 5.5.4 and 5.5.5. The next problem is to
adjust the peak “positive and negative” excursions of the sweep ramp, M1H pin
12, to within 0.1 volt of the +16 volt and -16 volt references.
Since the entire 32 volt change from -16 to +16 volts is equivalent to a
frequency change of 520 MHz, the 0.1 volt ramp accuracy would be equivalent to
a frequency error. due to the program voltage, of 1.6 MHz, which is allowable.
It can be seen in the initial adjustment of the sweep ramp, made in paragraph
5.5.6, that the required 01 volt resolution when viewing the entire 32 volt
sweep ramp is not ob-
tainable. Offsetting the scope position control to view only the positive or
negative peak is not practical since the M1H CENT and SIZE adjustments vary
both the positive and
negative peaks. A practical approach is to use a scope probe containing two
back-to-back 12 volt zener diodes
in a zero supressing circuit. The schematic of the probe is shown in Figure
5-14.
t2v
t2v
IC CIRCUIT+rO
SCOPE vERTICAL INPUT
Figure 5-14. Zero Suppressing Probe
MAINTENANCE
Repeat the adjustment procedure outlined in paragraph 5.5.6. with the zero
supressing probe. However, this time set the scope vertical sensitivity to 1
volt/cm. lnstead of the waveform shown in Figure 5-10, the waveform shown in
Figure 5-15 should be present.
+ I 6V REFERENCE
i
I
_I6V REFERENCE
Figure 5-15. Sweep RamP (Probe) Calibrate the display by connecting the probe
to +16
volts, and then to -16 volts. Mark these points on the scope face or record
the exact amplitude of the 16 volt references.
Next, connect the probe to the sweep ramp, REMOTE
plug pin 10, and adiust the M1H CENT and SIZE controls until the positive and
negative peaks agree precisely with ths + and -16 volt calibration points.
Repeat the calibration to check for scope drift while the adjustments were
being made. Next, adjust the inverted sweep ramp in the same manner
by connecting the probe to REMOTE Plug, pin 15, and adjustins M2H, R9 (SIZE),
and M2H, R13 (CENT). See
Figure 5-9.
5.5.8 SWEEP DRIVE ADJUSTMENT – MODULE M2H
Connect the scope vertical INPUT (straight connection, do not use the zero
supressing probe) to test point #1 in the M2H module. See Figure 5-9. Set the
Front Panel MODE
switch to af, SWEEP WIDTH control for minimum and the
CENTER FREOUENCY control to indicate a dial frequency
of 250 MHz on band 1, then adjust M2H. R17 for zero
volts at TP1.
Next. adjust the Front Panel SWEEP WIDTH control to MAXIMUM sweep width. Do
not move the Front Panel CENT FREO control. Adjust M2H, R26, for a 28 volt
peak-to-peak signal at test point #1.
Without disturbing the Front Panel CENT FREO oTSWEEP WIDTH adjustments return
the scope to an X-Y operating
mode with the HORIZ OUTPUT of the sweep generator driving the scope Y input.
Set the SWEEP TIME to.1-.01 sec and adjust the SCOPE display width to 10.4cm
(.2cm overlap on each end). See Figure 5-16a.
Connect the scope “X” input to M2H test point #2,which
is the top side of any of the three diodes adjacent to M2H, O7. (Linearity
correcting resistors may or may not be connected to the diodes depending on
the inherent linearity of the sweep oscillator). Adjust M2H, R31, to position
the “knee” approximately 2l3cm to the left of the 1Ocm mark, as shown in
Figure 5-16b. The M2H module cover, and the left side panel may now be
replaced.
ol I
i1
b Figure 5-16. M2H Linearity Ref Adj
5-1 1
MAINTENANCE
5.5.9 LEVEL MIN AND MAX ADJUSTMENT –
MODULE MlOH
Preset the Front Panel controls as follows: BAND SWitch MODE Switch FREO Control OUTPUT Control ALC Switch
to1 to CW to 300 MHz to +1OdBm to INT
Set the power meter to read +10dBm and connect the
thermistor mount to the sweep generator’s RF output con-
nector. Adjust the M10H LEVEL MAX control to produce a power meter reading of
exactly +i0dBm. Turn the Front
Panel vernier OUTPUT control to -10dBm (completely counterclockwise), change
the power meter scale to read
-1OdBm and adjust the M10H LEVEL MIN control to pro-
duce a power meter reading of exactly -1OdBm. Some
interaction exists between the LEVEL MIN and LEVEL MAX controls so repeat the
adjustment until both the +10
and -1 0dBm readings are obtained.
5.5.10 CENTER FREOUENCY AND SWEEP WIDTH ADJUST – Bands 1, 2 and 3
Connect SWEEP, SCOPE and RF DET as shown in TYPI-
CAL SET-UP, Figure 5-4. Set:
BAND Switch MODE Switch
to 1 to af
CENTER FREOUENCY Controt
to 250 MHz
SWEEP WIDTH Control
to 520 MHz
OUTPUT Control
to +10dBm
SWEEP TIME Switch
to .1-.01 sec
Four Paddle Switches
down
50 har marker Switch
on
MARKER WIDTH Switch MARKER SIZE
to WIDE
for a display similar to Fig-
ure 5-5.
The sweep generator should be thoroughly stabilized by operating approximately one hour with all covers in place before the following ad.iustments are made.
Adjust the scope per Figure’5-5. Adjust the MgH CENT control, band 1, to
position the 250 MHz marker at the exact center of the scope display. Adjust
the M2H SWEEP WIDTH 1 to position the 0 frequency and 500 MHz mark-
ers as shown in Figure 5-5. Compromise between 0 and 500 if necessary.
Set BAND switch to 2, wait 5 minutes, then adjust the
M19H CENT, BAND 2, to position the 700 MHz marker to
5.12
the exact center of the display. Adjust the M2H SWEEP WIDTH 2, to position the
450 and 950 MHz markers as shown in Figure 5-5. Compromise between 450 and 950
if
needed.
Set band switch to 3. wait 5 minutes, then adjust the M19H
CENT, BAND 3 to position the 1150 MHz marker to the exact center of the
display. Adjust the M2H SWEEP WIDTH, BAND 3, to position the 900 and 1400 MHz
markers as shown in Figure 5-5. Compromise between 900 and 1400 if needed.
5.5.11 FINAL ADJUSTMENT OF M1H CLAMP
While operating the sweep generator as set up in paragraph 5.5.10, carefully
note the extreme left side of the scope dis-
play The trace should extend 0.2cm beyond the first graticule line, as shown
in Figure 5-5.
Switch SWEEP TIME from .1-.01 sec to LINE, and adjust the M1H CLAMP for the
identical display width.
5.5.12 SWEEP SAMPLE ADJUSTMENT M5H
Connect the RF detector to the SWEEP SAMPLE OUT Jack
of the MSH module, using the adapter cable supplied in
the service kit, and adjust the M5H SWEEP SAMPLE ADJ.
to produce a detected output of 35 millivolts when the Front Panel BAND switch
is set to band 1.
5.5.13 MARKER SIZE ADJUSTMENT
Each marker module has a SIZE adjustment potentiometer which is accessible
from the under side of the sweep generator, when the bottom cover is removed.
(See Figure 5-2). The control is adjusted until a saturated marker is obtained
on the scope display when operating the unit as shown in
the typical set-up, Figure 5-4. A saturated marker is ob-
tained when a further increase in the marker modules SIZE adjustment does not
increase the marker amplitude on the scope display. lncreasing the size
adjustment beyond this
point will result in spurious markers on the display.
5.6 TROUBLESHOOTING
Trouble shooting is generally a systematic procedure of “divide and conquer.”
A thorough understanding of the block diagram and circuit description located
in Section 4
of this manual will enable the trouble symptom to be
associated with a particular module. Once this has been accomplished the
module can be replaced or trouble shot
with the aid of the module schematic. A problem in a
power supply often causes many symptoms pointing to
MAINTENANCE
other areas and should be checked when the symptom does not clearly indicate a
specific problem. The +18, -18, and -20V supplies are located on the rear
chassis printed circuit
board and the +16 and 6 -‘1 reference voltage supplies are
located in the M2H module. Performance of these supplies are indicated in the
calibration procedure.
5.6.1 TROUBLE SHOOTING HINTS
The following is a list of several typical symptoms followed by the probable
cause or a trouble shooting procedure.
INTERMITTENT OPERATION OF ANY TYPE – Defective
module pin sockets or loose RF cables.
NO RF OUTPUT
ALL THREE BANDS – Defective attenuator or RF
cables connecting to the input or output of the attenuator.
SINGLE BAND ONLY — Check for the presence of the
band switching voltages B-1 , B 2, and B-3 at module M9H, M10H, and M19H as
shown on the Module Wiring Diagram.
RF OUTPUT NOT FLAT – Most common cause is the ex-
ternal RF detector being defective. Another is the monitor diode located in
the M19H module. This is a pointcontact diode and can be damaged if the RF
output is momentarily connected to a B+ voltage. A good monitor diode will
produce a negative detected voltage (pin 8 of M19H) approximately twice the
amplitude of the external detector. For
example, at an RF output of +10dBm an external RF detector will read
approximately 0.8V. The internal monitor, pin 8 of M 19H, will read
approximately 1.6V.
FREOUENCY UNSTABLE (JITTER) – Check allmodules for loose hold-down screws,
especially module M2H. Check the + and -16V reference supplies. Operating the
unit in a strong magnetic field, such as setting on top of or
ad.jacent to another instrument containing a large power
transformer, can produce 60Hz HUM modulation.
SWEEP RATE PROBLEM – Probable cause is a defective M1H module or wiring to the
Front Panel SWEEP TIME
selector switch. See the calibration procedure for verifying proper operation.
NO RF SWEEP – First check pin 12 of the M1H module for the presence of a 32V
ramp. This ramp indicates
proper operation of the M1H. Next check for the ramp at the input of the M2H
pin 7 (aF mode). Finally check the output of the M2H at pin 9. lt should be
similar tothe
input except it will be lower in amplitude, approximately 12V peak-to-peak,
and will have an average value of 0V
when the Front Panel center frequency control is set to
mid-band. lf the M2H output is correct the trouble would
probably be in the M9H or M19H sweep oscillator module.
MARKER PROBLEMS
To isolate the cause of a marker problem when the symptom does not clearly
indicate a specific circuit or component,
first check the sweep sample output at the M5H Sweep Sample Out connector. lt
should be a detected signal between 30 to 50 mV. lf the proper sweep sample
signal is not present it indicates that the trouble is in the sweep
oscillator module or connecting sweep sample cables. Next connect the detector
in place of the terminating plug P102.
A signal at this point indicates all jumper cables and RF jacks on the M6
modules are intact. Then check for the birdy output at pin 3 of the marker
module. A 10 to 15mV peak-to-peak birdy is sufficient to drive the M5H
module and indicates the M6 module is operating properly. With the 15mV peak-
to-peak birdy present at the input of
the M5H, pins 1, 2,3, or 4, a 32V peak-to-peak signal will be produced at the
output pin 7. This indicates proper operation of the M5H. This output signal
at pin 7 is controllable in width by the Front Panel MARKER WIDTH control. The
signal is now routed through the Front Panel Marker Size control and to the
Front Panel SCOPE VERTICAL connector. A 12V peak-to-peak signal is normally at
this point when the Front Panel SIZE control is set to maximum. A common
marker problem is that
caused by one of the interconnecting cables between the MG
modules being loose. This causes a notch in the sweep sample input to the
module causing uneven harmonics or
weak output.
5-i 3
MAINTENANCE
POWER SUPPLY
M9H M62
OPTION
A4
M6 OPTION
182
WAIT
ADJ
5-14
Figure 5-17. Model 2001 Top View
M5H
0 sEciloN
SCHETIIAIICS AND PARTS IISI
6.1 INTRODUCTION – This section contains all schematics and a list of
replaceable partsfor the instrument. Parts
lists are located on the reverse side of the associated schematics.
6.2 MANUFACTURER’S CODE – The following code is used on the parts list to identify the manufacturer.
A-B A-E AER ALC AMP APL APX BEK BEL
BOU
BUS CAM
CD
CGW
c-J
C-K C-L CTS . C-W DlO.. DRA..
ETP
FCD
G.E
G-H
HHS
H-P
HEY.. IRC ITT JEF KID . . LIT MAL.. M-O . MOL.. MOT. P-B POM . . O-C RCA..
Allen-Bradley
Arco-Elmenco.
Aerovox
Alco Electronic Products lnc. . .
AMP, lnc.
Amphenol
Amperex
Beckman lnstruments, lnc. ..
Belden
Bourns
Bussman
Cambion
Cornell Dubilier
Corning Glass Works
Cinch Jones
C&KComponents
….Centralab..
…. ChicagoTelephoneSystems
.. .. Continental Wire
..Diodes, lnc.
.. Drake Mfq. Company …
:
: Erie Technological Prod. lnc. . .
::ff1i10..”,,..
…. Grayhill …..
Herman H. Smith, lnc.
Hewlett-Packard
..HeymanMfg.Company…. . . lnternational Resistance Co. . . . . . ..
lnternational Telephone & Telegraph ….Jeffers . .. Kidco, lnc. ….Littelfuse
…Mallory …Marko-Oak… …Molex ….Motorola …..Potter&Brumfield . . Pomona
Electronics Co., lnc. . . . . Ouality Components .. RadioCorporation of
America
… Milwaukee,Wisconsin …. GreatNeck,NewYork
. . .New Bedford, Massachusetts
Lawrence, Massachusetts
… Harrisburg,Pennsylvania
…DanburY,Conn’
‘… Slatersville,R. l. . .. .. Fullerton, California
….. Chicago, lllinois … Riverside,California
. . St. Louis, Missouri
… Cambridge,Massachusetts
. . Newark, New Jersey
Corning, New York
.. Elk Grove Village, lllinois .. Watertown,Massachusetts
….Milwaukee,Wisconsin
… Elkhart, lndiana .. .. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania
Chatsworth.California Harwood Heights, lllinois
Erie, Pennsylvania
.”::E;?.:iil”:.i’vJJ;
…. La Grange, lllinois
Brooklyn, New York Palo Alto, Cal ifornia Kenilworth,NewJersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
.. West Palm Beach. Florida
Dubois,Pennsylvania
. .. . Medford, New Jersey
DesPlaines, lllinois
lndianapolis, lndiana
.’. Anaheim.California
DownersGrove, lllinois
.. Phoenix,Arizona
Princeton. lndiana
Pomona, California
St. Marys. Pennsylvania
… Harrison, NewJersey
6-1
SCHEMATICS & PARTS LIST
RMC.. SCC . SEL. SEM. SIG Sl SPR ST STR. SYL. THR. TRW. W-E W-l WSD.
… Radio Material Company …StackpoleCarbon Co.
..Selectro …Semtech …..SigneticsCorporation ….Switchcraft, lnc. ….Sprague
….SarkesTarzian …Stettner&Co.. …Sylvania
…Thermalloy,Co. …TRWCapacitorDivision . . . . Wells Electronics
….Wavetek, lndiana, lnc. .. ….Wavetek,SanDiego
….. Chicago. lllinois ..St. Marys, Pennsylvania .. Mamaroneck,NewYork
NewburyPark,California
… Sunnydale, California ….. Chicago, lllinois
NorthAdams,Massachusetts
.. Bloomington, lndiana .. Nurnburg,WesternGermany ….. Woburn.Massachusetts
Dallas,Texas
… Ogallala,Nebraska
South Bend, lndiana
lndianapolis, lndiana
…. SanDiego,California
6pe.r3tainSiCngHtEoMsApTecICificNsOchTemESatic-s
The following notes are included on each
and abbreviations pertain
schematic if required.
to
all
schematics.
Additional
notes
All resistor values are shown in “ohms” unless otherwise specified. All capacitor values are shown in picofarads “pF” unless otherwise specified. All inductor values are shown in microhenries “uH” unless otherwise specified.
rtl,-U;-,-;-.
Denotes DC voltage reading in volts unless otherwise specified. Denotes high impedance crystal detector reading in volts unless otherwise
specified
A, Denotes 50ohm crystal detector reading in volts unless otherwise specified. ——-oi?, Signal or voltage source
-+l-kl(;+ i5
Connect to indicate signal or voltage source Arrow indicates clockwise
rotation of wiper
Coaxial jack
Coaxial plug
-9:: *
Coaxial cable Factory adjusted part
6.4 ABBREVIATION CODE
A
. . ampere
ac
. . alternating current
kHz
. . kiloherz
c
capacitor
Kohm
kilohm
CR
diode
kv
. . kilovolt
dB
decibel
kW
. . kilowatt
dBm
. . decibel referred to 1mW L . .
inductor
dc
direct current
MHz . .
megahertz
DS
. . device indicating, lamp Mohm .
megohm
F
. . farad
uF
. . microfarad
F.P.
…frontpanel
uA
. . microampere
H
. . henry
uH
. . microhenry
Har
. . harmonic
mA
. . milliampere
Hz
. . . hertz
mH
. . millihenry
tc
. . integrated circuit
mV
. millivolt
mW
. milliwatt
_rL
p-p pF
o
R .. RF rms R.P. S . T V VA W X
..ohm . . peak to peak . . picofarad
transistor
resistor . radio frequency
root-mean-square
. rear panel . switch . transformer . volt . voltampere . watt . crvstal
62
‘”y v– 2r.;rr$”y,j!{1,5,
urY Y
‘* V
i’-J,
It
rv4h
2@l ,5/
6ROWlt
(/F.na5J.4e-8)to
rcuoa/REo
C2.TSOt,FJ-
/25OpF
./zsozF
Rtt .5
7/2c3/C 2
e/V-f294
\b
\
2Q/+’/344
CR8
2il341 c
CR,
//5.rl0//2//ve3Eao Ht/.AzC
24t?8474_r/g 21I et1z<+
CR/4
Q8 il52
94
/A/<
C,4/Y7A7/, P56 POll/R SAPPLY
reev. C
2/V36.44
2N-f294
R 22O
–/co4o
Itweet* /OOpFl –
SCOP HAFIZ
Not –-6,o
caA//zECr/o^/L —->11
–+/2
P2
c/o
’44
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R/9
A.<
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2NA39644 2N3e/a4 4
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R28 e.8/K
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R/o2k
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2/v3 44 SCI?P /t/e/</.Z
fi<-n 2
PARTS LIST
PS6 POWER SUPPTY
REV. C
REFE R ENCE SYMBOL
ilQ
rr
Lr4r5rgr10
2,3 ,B
6 ,7 ,Lr,L2
DESCR IPTION
TMNSISTORS
PNP, Silicon NPN, Silicon NPN, Silicon
WAVETEK PART NO.
MANUFACTURER T
ODE NUMBER o
QAO36-440 FCD 2N3644
5
QAOs2-940 RCA 2N5294
3
QAO3B-541 G_E 2N38544
4
ttJ
;—
ttP
lt
3
ttF
ll
1
tts
I
—- PARTS MOUNTED
CHASSIS,
MISCEI
CONNECTORS (JAcKS)
4-pin receptacle Contact, female, for above BNC, receptacle
MC000-034 MOL MCO00-018 MOL J8109-111 APL
coNNECrOqs (3-tuc.)
AC Plug/cord assembly (USA-Canada) AC Plug/cord assembly (Western Europe)
wL002-088 BEL wL007-088 BEL
L625-4F.-r 1
1855
4
uc911A/ r 1
77237
1
FUSES
.5 Amp., slo-b1o (used with 115Vac line) MF000-007 BUS Yu_VI4
1
.25Amp., s1o-b1o (used with 230vac line) MF000-006 BUS vDvz
Fuse holder, for above
MF000-00 I BUS HMM
1
SWITCHES
DPDT, s1ide, power change
ss000-003 S-I 46256LF!’ I
m’;f- ttJ
ll
trK
il
50
MISCELLANEOUS
Bushing, strain relief 10 1ead, T0-5 pad Insulated sholder washer Transistor
mtg. insulator, mica — PARTS FOR PEN LIFT OPTION 45
CONNECTORS (JACKS)
Binding post, miniature, .104ID (mates with wire, or banana plug)
RELAYS
spsr, N.o. L2v
H8004-000 HEY
HQl03-000 THR
HW110-400 RCA HQ 10 1-003 W-I
SR5PI
1
7717_ZLDAP I
DF137A
3
HQ101-003 3
MC000-038 POM 2439
2
MR000-00 I P-B JRM1OO6
I
REFERENCE SYMBOL
PARTS LIST PS6 POWER SUPPIY
REV. C
DESCR IPTION
WAVETEK MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. SODE NUMBER o
r7- ,tc
n
2
3, 6,10,11
4,I2
5
B 9
ttP
il
T-
ttcR EO L7
‘rc
1
2
ttR
il
1–
2
3 rLr r22
4 rr4,2L
5
6
7 8
9
10
L2,25
13
l-5,24 L6,L7
18
19,20 23,29
26 27 28 30
ttT
lt
1
—-PARTS MOUNTED ON PRINTED CIRCUIT
CAPACITgRS
Electrolytl-c, 1250uF, 50V Electrolytic, 50uF, 50V Electrolytic, 100uF, 25V
Ceramic disc. 100pF +20% LkV Ceramic disc. .005uF +207 Ceramic disc. 12Op.F
+207. LkY Electrolytic, 10uF, 25V
CONNECIORS (PLUGS.)
L2-pin printed circuit
DIODES
Sili.-“, junction, 100piV, 3/4A
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Voltage Regulator, J-0pin TO-5 Operational amplifier, 8 pin in line
RESISTORS
rT6a-l-6-orp.., 270ohm +LO% r,;vl
Fixed, comp., L.8k +707 rN
Fixed, Fixed,
deposited deposited
ccaarrbb..,L5koh+mI%!Lr%l,l
N
Fixed, deposited carb., L2.7k +7% ,,$
Fixed, comp., I.5k +I0% rN
Fixed, comp. , 220otm +L0″/” ,N
VFiaxreiadb, lceo,mcpe.r,m3e.9t,kL!k5″+120,%N
Fixed, Fixed,
comp., comp.,
2.7k !5% rdf
470ohm +L}”A
14W
Fixed, comp., 2.7k +LOZ r4w
Fixed, Fixed,
deposited comp., 1k
carb., l5k
+LO% rN
!7(,4f
Fixed, comp., 4.7k +L07! ,4f
Dep. carb.,
Fi-xed, comp.
10k, matched set, , L}k +L07! ,N
!.L%
Fixed, comp., 2.2k +I0% rN
Fixed, Fixed,
deposited deposi-ted
carb., carb.,
682,58oIhkm+!IL”%l ,Nr{f
Flxed, comp., 470ohm ILO% rN
TRANSFORMERS
TtsP36-f-d v.., center tapped
CETI4_2L2 SPR PCL-1339
2
cEl07-050 SPR TEl307
1
cE105-110 SPR TE72LI
4
cD102-110 SPR 5GA_T1O
2
cD103-250 SPR TG-D5O
I
CDTO2-L72 SPR 5GA-T12
1
cE105-010 SPR TEI2O4
1
MC000-031 MOL 03-04-4L2L 1
DR000-001 ITT 1N4002
t7
rc000-00 I FCD u5R7723393 1
rc000-002 SIG N5741V
1
F|CIO4-127 A-B RC104-218 A-B RD0R-050 K1D RD011-100 coR RD012-121 COR
RC104-215 A-B RCI}4-L22 A-B RC103-239 A-B RP131-210 CTS RCr03-227 A-B
RC104-147 A-B RCLO6-227 A-B
RD012-150 COR RC104-210 A-B
RCIj4-247 A-B RX000-003 I^l-I RCl04-310 A-B RCIO6-222 A-B RD0 10-825 COR
RD011-681 coR RC106-147 A.B
CB27II
1
CB1B21
I
K-Cl+
3
RN6OD
3
RN6OD
1
cB1521
1
CB2zLL
1
c83925
1
360T102B 1
c82725
1
CB/+717
2
EB272I
1
RN6OD
2
cB102l
2
CB472L
I
RXo00-003 1
cB1031
2
EB222L
1
RN6OD
1
RN6OD
1
EB477L
1
TT000-022 w-r TT000-022 1
7 70K
R/
P50toK9
9/(
MANUA L
)o-/o
./-.o/ |
I/NE
REr’4O’E ”CK
V/l2Vt3tV4tV
=-Ltfl/l6 -/6 -/E
fi,,n
t3t48e
MODE 51o5 |
I
.t6
-4r{
[cw
.
-i
t
i+
R/oilK6 3tvEP nt/Drh
+/8 -/B
R/// 33K
a a a a
P/
0—,
i;/”;.-7r{‘,..’*- ry,:.,_
*’ ESJU#PrPVLY d<lI;”
R t/2
F *ta-) a-< L_-
li
I,
roruwrnla
Pz SUPPLY
<
le
–_-.
+/8
l” >-/8
t’
tl 1—– ptttt
i cou’vecreo
snaJA1f^-Jo
I
t-saoMH2
I
‘1 .45o-
1c9oo-14&MHz
l
(” 5 /O7
/E
F
-20
z+V8IVV9V/I//2I RapoPrs/oo-tLUG r5I-, r6rl’
YY
f-ir/lI ,l
/<4,q
3A AlPI
7O
ITAR rtE83
lr
d/i
/rr2H
,9WFP D/”/VE
/urg H 66toAW8NEczE/P
8-/ A-2 -/8 //
SWEP DP/V
,rvzE/a .9.4 t/P/ E .t/ 9H
2 F /4A .<,<E t?-t – oPTloNs A, {ee
e
d
b
43
43
LlOt
L /oz tOnH Fr0^0^d)-+{
L-r !–l
c tot .0O.2 4F . c.Ot0: 2aF —1 F–r—-{
+-1 c6/A0F3-<.
c /o4
*–{F,-/SO
IL2,./2 .n<_.I-
Dtta
=
w/2E I ,fIzFI R wro.l-H s taE
flARROW
//7Q2UI
E2I0.t/0I,/?
lN D/A HFAo
6RAM
REV, A
O/UU7/POU/r’7 aAAA/lr2fP/ / 4 /2// 3 2
/r/ 5H
4 /At/AP,ea/F<EPR
3 2 u6
8/1Iol4Es/9EcP.H 2AAFlV3A
tMf axf ALC
:XT
AJ LtoCs
8r’ A 2 63 -/6 -/A +/8 SIUEEP A/’/P,/E
Rrs
toK
0′-l/c2FOto-g
rA
BgA/zR(EA s’lo9
c/RN3/o42
Rt22 Rt23
{
Lt
to
x7
EAPTSN
/J.Y/OFU4/ DFNOD /NPA7 J /O6
SCAPf YJ E/0?6f
Lto4c
-/6
/Q
2R.7tz/<l
SttoNrDO-RaM —-J’ =
c?bfoA
gCOPE
HJA/Rol7Z
LIST PARTS
MoDEL 2oo1 HEA.D
RE F ERENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
ttP
il
1
101
r02
ttcR il 101
I02
|FDS rt r01
ttl
il
101,102 103, 104
ttR
il
101
r02
103
104,111
105
706 r07 108
109 110,113
TL2 7l-4
115 ,116 LL7
118 119
r20 r21
L22 l-23
ll ^5
il
101
r02
103
104,105
106 ,110
L07
108
109
CONNECTORS (PLUGS)
4-pin Contact, male, for above
15-pin Contact, male, for above
Termination
DIODES
STfE-on, junction, lOOpiV, 75OmA Germanium, polnt contact
LAMPS
Indicator, Neon, Part of 5101
INDUCTORS
Fixed, lOmH Fixed, l0uH
RESISTORS
VFaixrie-adb,1ceo, m1p0.k,,6p8kar!7t Ooif!
,N Sl03
assembly
Fixed, Fixed,
comp., comp.,
43730koh+m5%!5r”NA
rN
Fixed, comp., 47M +5% ,N
Fixed, comp., 4.7N1 +5″/” ,N
Fixed, comp., 470k +5″A ,N
Fixed, dep. carbon, 47.5k t.1,”/. ,N
Variable, cermet, 50k +20″1 7W
Fixed, comp., 39k +57! >N
Fixed, comp., 47k +57! >N
VFiaxreiadb, lceo,mwpir.e, w75okun!5d%, 1,0Nk
Variable, carbon, 10k
Fixed, comp., 2.2k +I0″1 ,N
Vari-able, 10k, part of 5108
Fixed, comp . , 33k +IO”/. L4II
Fixed, comp., 2.7k +L}i! ,N
Fixed, comp., 47k +I07: rN
Fixed, comp., lM +LO% ,N
SWITCHES
SPDT J”sh/Pus h illuminated.
Rot.ary, 6-po1e
SPDT, on, offr
, 6-positi-on, ofl, momentary
assembly
Lever, 5-po1e, 3-position
SPDT, onrnoneron
Push-button switch assembly
Rotary, 6-po1e, 4-posi”tion, assembly
SPDT, onroffron
REV. A
WAVETEK MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. SODE NUMBER o
MC000-035 MC000-019
MC000-017 MC000-019 JF000-009
MOL 1625-4PL
1
MOL r854
4
MOL 1625-15P
1
MOL 1854
8
SEL 60-0010501 1
DR000-00 I ITT 1N4002
1
DG100-341 SYL 1N34AS
1
M8000-002 M-0 A1H
1
LA104-310 JEF 15S
2
LAl0l-010 JEF l5
2
RC104-368
RC103-147 RC103-333 RC103-647 RC103-547 RC103-447 RD0l2-475 RP129-350
RC103-339 RC103-347 RC103-375 RV103-310 RP128-310 RC704-222
RC104-333 F.C704-227 RCL04-347 RC104-510
A-B c86831
1
A-B c84775
1
A-B c83335
2
A-B cB47 65
1
A-B cB47 55
I
A-B cB47 45
1
COR RN6OD
1
CTS 360S5038
1
A-B cB3935
2
A-B c84735
1
A-B cB7535
1
BOU 3500s 2-ra3 2
W-I RP128-310 1
A-B CB222L
I
1
A-B cB3331
1
A-B CB272I
1
A-B CB47 3I
1
A-B c81051
I
s2000-003
sRO00-017
sr002-006 sL000-001 sr001-006 sz00 1-004 sR000-016 sr000-006
M-O 54-6769L26 1
W-I sR000-017 1
c-K 7IO7P
I
OAK 3 991- 6 3184 2
C-K 7101P
2
C_L PB15,7 sta. 1
C-K 7103P
1
C-K 7103P
1
PARTS LIST M’DEL 2oo1 HEAD
REF ER ENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
M1H M2H M5H M9H MIOH M19H
A1
A2
A4 A5
roio-t
ttc
ll
101 L02 103 104 105 106 L07 108
ttJ
101
L02,LO4 103, 10 5
13!:10′
STANDARD MODULES
Sweep Rate Module
Sweep Drive Module
Marker Adder Module
Oscillator/Mixer Module, Band 1 Output Amplifier Module, Band 1 Oscillator
Module, Band 2 & 3
OPTIONS
Single frequency marker, 1 to 1400 MHz (specify frequency)
Harmonic markers 1, 10 & 50 MHz (specify frequency)
I KHz Square Wave Modulatj-on (See Power Supply Parts List)
ASSEMBLIES
RF Cable, 50 ohm RF Cable, 50 ohm RF Cable, 50 ohm RF Cable, 50 ohm RF Cable,
50 ohm RF Cab1e, 50 ohm RF Cable, 50 ohm RF Cable, 50 ohm 5102 Assembly with
Associated ,Parts S1O8 Assembly with Associ-ated Parts RF Attenuator
fCfAiP-AfrCsITcOR,S
.OO2uF +102 1KV
Ceramic disc, .O2uF +T0Z 10OV
Ceramic di-sc, 68pf +SZ ffV
Ceramic disc, 150pF +20″1 LKV
Ceramic disc, Ceramic disc,
12200ppFF+!5220″11KVLKV
Ceramic dlsc, 10pF +52 LKV
Ceramic disc, 350pF +20% IKV
CONNECTORS (JACKS-)
12-pin receptacle Contact, female, for above Contact, ma1e, for above
15-pin receptacle Contact, female, for above
Jack, cable, BNC Jacko receptacle, BNC Pin socket, Teflon
REV. A
WAVETEK MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. SODE NUMBER o
MlH
M2H M5H M9H MlOH
Ml9H
M6S
M6H
M6Z
W-I MlH
1
W-I M2H
I
W-I M5H
I
w-r M9H
I
I^l-I MlOH
1
w-I M19H
1
w-r M6S W-I M6H
5l M6Z
i^]x2001-A1 W-I I^IX2001-A1 1
I^Ix2001-A2 w-r I^/x2001-A2 1
wx200 1-A3 W-I I^1×2001-A3 1
wx200 1-A4 w-r wx2001-A4 1
wx2001-A5 W-I I^1×2001-A5 1
wx200- 1A6 W-I I^]x200 1-A6 1
wx200 1-A7 W-I I^]x200 l-A7 1
wx2001-A8 w-r I^1X2001-A8 1
B500-225 W-I 8500-225 1
B500-224 W-I 8500-224 1
5070-1
W-I 5070-1
1
cDL02-220 SPR 5GAD2O
1
cD103-320 SPR TGS2O
I
cDl04-068 SPR lOTCU
1
cD102-115 SPR 5GAT15
1
CDLO2_LL2
SPR 5GAT1.2
I
cD101-020 SPR 1OTCCQ20
1
cD101-010 SPR 10TCCQ10
I
cD102-135 SPR 5GAT35
1
MC000-030 MOL 1360-R1
I
MC000-032 MOL 1433
6
MC000-033 MOL L434
1
MC000-016 MOL 1625-15R
1
MC000-018 MOL 1855
L3
JB000-003 I^I-I J8000-003 2
JB 109-111 APL uc911A/U
4
MC000-002 w-I MC000-002
1′<.72K
7lc,
6.8
R5,5 c.8 H
l./P537A2
-/8
c3 ./soF*
a25fll-5458
,?/9
/OO.?
5.6?/O/V
‘P537O2 CRg
P/v/Oo
R25
t”z2z6K
R.2 7 2ZtK
/O.<
CRs
P/Y/OO
,aR/8:,
R54 R20
+/e z7K 20/<
{,
9nz
Qtt
‘P-9 3702
l*
.t8
R/osKa c/o
.02pF
R33 47K
/olul at4 2tU5458
TrcRUtf4lNq6Gg
$ = coNNcrEo ro swEp TIME swlTCH
I
S
IUEEP /”4 TF,SCHE/L//4
IAOAULE Ad/H *.n
r/C
,?/J
47/<
R,/,/74K
1.7K
K6/a5r
toK
R/
/a.
-,/8
R21
/8K
lw
+/6
4R. zsk7
R6222K
‘/8
/8
)itH/3F4e7rrot
1
54A
?
I
Rgg + 7.<
”^Kj4
4R?j7g>Kd
,/Q<q1/t< zOK
I
R/2 47
7 /14PS37Oz
P/CV/”/eao
/</,
4tu<
‘/VPS37O2
//?oSoz
Rss
17/<
SWEFP
QRIVE
6c.20
OUTPUT
/2A32VP-P
I
SHCoOPPtzE. OAU1T6PVUPT-P
,-ril
M.,P-gs Jp
,<4 4
tw ,/z/<
,?4.
slsT
tIf,tfz”TSL
‘/<o4K8
tc
‘v/oo CR6
?
e t7
Mps7TOZ
RiO
/o/<
R?7
’18
22O.<
r9 t6l5.8 o ?v3851A
7 C,/6
(!f {aa
.TK 7 I _tI6
./o
ELAN
JOLU-1T7F
N7I t4v
.”s oTuRTIQPGt/TR
r,eJ,lr
qlr iee I Ctz 6,-‘t s
-/8
*/8
-t */8 ryaz MA to/zoMA
PARTS LIST
REFERENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
nQn
TMNSISTORS
L12
3,417,8,9 11r16,r7,79
5 rI4
6,L5
L0 ,r2,13,18
N-channel JFETTS, matched pair PNP, Silicon N-channel, Silicon, JFET Dual, NPN, Silicon NPN, Silicon
MODULE M1H REV A
WAVETEK MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. CODE NUMBER o
QBO00-014 1″, Q8000-014 1
Q8000-009 huor MPS 3702
9
QAO54-s80 [,
2N5458
2
QB000-010
TDlOl
2
QAO38-541
2N3854A
4
PARTS LIST
R EFERENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
ttc
tt CAPACITORS
Lr7 r819 12,L4 rL5 L6,L7 ,20 2 16 rL]-
3
4
5
10 13
18,19
2L
Ceramic feedthru, 6.BpF +102 500V
Ceramic disc, 470pF, +20″1 LKV
Mylar paper, l5uF +102 100V
Ceramic di”c, 10pF T5Z lKV
Ceramic disc, .001uF +207. LKV
Cerami-c disc, .O2uF +ZOZ LOOV
Ceramic disc, 120pF +20% LKV
Ceramic Ceramic
fdeisecd,th.r0u1,uF47+}2p0F%!2L0070V”
500V
ttcR
tt DIODES
L12,3,4,5
617,819
Silicon, junction, 100PIV, 750mA
ttR
tt RESISTORS
L’9
2 r3 r5 rLL 14,37 4,L3,18, 33 38,39,53
6
7 ,20,4r,45
9,26 ,27 ,36 r0 L2,57
15
16,51 17 ,30 r37,48 L9 ,24,28,29 2I
22
23
25
32
34
35 ,43,52 40,47 42,55
44
46
49
50
54,56
Fixed, comp. , 22Oohm +L0″1 ,N Fixed, comp., 4.7k +107″ rN
Fixed, comp. , 471a +L0% L4W
Fixed, comp. , 180k +L0″/” ,N
Variable, carbon, 20k +20%
Fixed, comp. , 22k +LO% ,4f Fixed, comp.., 5.6M +L0″1 ,N
Fixed, comp., 47ohm +L0″1 ,N
Fixed, comp., 68k +L0% ,N
Fixed, Fixed, Fixed,
comp. ,
comp., comp.,
1lI-0O00kkk!!5L+”0LA%0%,NrNrN
Fixed, comp. , L8k +L}”A ,N
Fixed, Fixed,
comp., comp.,
56620kk!5+7L(,07>”NrN
Fixed, comp., LM +LO% rN
Fixed, comp., Lk +LO% r*I
Fixed, comp., 10M t10Z 1-;W
Fixed, comp., 100ohm +L0% ,N
Fixed, Fixed,
comp. , comp . ,
22Ok +LO% L4W
6. Bk +LO”/” ,*I
Fixed, Fixed,
comp., comp.,
Lzk 39k
+L0% +LO%
rN
,*l
Fixed, comp., 470ohm +L0″1 ,,f,t
Fixed, Fixed,
comp. ,
comp.,
15k 27k
!10%
+L0%
r4W
rN
MODULE M1H REV A
WAVETEK MANU FACTU RER T
PART NO. OODE NUMBER o
cF102-R68 A-B FA5C
0
CDIO2_L47 SPR 5GAT.47
3
cP103-415 C-D I^IMF1P15
1
cD101-010 SPR 1OTCCVl0
1
CDLOZ_2TO SPR 5cAo10
1
cD103-320 SPR TGS2O
1
CDLO2-LLz SPR 5GAT12
I
cF101-147 A_B FA5C
2
cD103-3 10 SPR TGSlO
1
DRO00-00 1 ITT 1N4002
9
RCIO4-122 A-B CB22LI
2
F.]LO4-247 A-B c84727
6
F.CL}4-347 A-B cB47 3L
7
RC104-418 A-B CB1B41
1
F.PL24-320 A-B wA2G032
4
F(CL}4-322 A-B cB223L
4
RC104-556 A-B c85651
1
RC104-047 A-B cB470L
2
RC104-368 A-B CB6B31
1
RC103-310 A-B cB1035
2
RC104-310 A-B cB1031
4
RC104-410 A-B cB1041
4
RC104-318 A-B cB1831
1
RC103-362 A-B c86235
1
RC104-456 A-B CBs64L
1
RCl04-510 A-B c81051
1
RC104-210 A-B c81021
1
RC104-610 A-B c81061
1
RC104-110 A-B c81011
3
RCLj4-422 A-B CB224I
2
RC104-268 A-B CB6B27
2
RC104-312 A-B CBL237
I
RC104-339 A-B cB39 31
1
RC104-147 A-B CB47IL
1
RC104-315 A-B cB1531
1
RCLO4-327 A-B C8227
2
I
Rt4
6.8
t /78k
*3t
c6
Rls
6.8
t / 78/<
cz6 3,j
C7
RJ6
t z9K
T
Q5 2A/42tO
4R7300
R35 2,2K
R36
2.2 /< eQg r
u6
zRo/7k
L
I
Rt8 47OK
RT
R3
4.7/<
2 7.<
rDQ/o/ /
+/8
/oRo6 q2
2/V4250
/ ok ( Stoo
CR /3 ,t
II zRa26x CR/4 *
R/o2k7 2R.32K’
C.R16
R32
4.7/<
CRIT *
Q7
2tV4 2J
R33 1.7K
R34 I
4,7K
T*/D6 /eOtg/l-(
-.-n_]’
Jt- /t4ATC4/ED
Hlfrl* c4
8o-l/”o,o
B-2
l;
/NVERTED
oarPuT
8-t a-2
E6
p7 R9
7/3
?16 ‘F
et7 Q7
zN4 250
R8t
470
/ooK
qe
2N,546/
.7f—,,r?rPr”,
8
I,I/FEP DR/ yE,SCHEMA
/VOOULE /r./ZHREV
T
E
/C
*/6 t/8
R64 47K
q 70’/
o/2/
ff*n rf,’
gUEEP DR/YE
ou7P07
q/7
2/Y646/
R5R456
/ooK R
/aaK2/V3Q6484
: 4.7K 20K
? 54R.7Zr<r 2RO7KZ
q2tF.E2K9
q:
L^’lrlr.
-a
+/6 yo/,r
APF/,Y
-/ yotr
SAPPI. Y
PARTS LIST
REFERENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
tl
1,4,18 2r3r5 r6 r7 ,L9
B
6, 10, 11, 15
L6,r7 L2,2r L3,L4,20 ,22
23
TRANSISTORS
NPN, Si-licon, Dual PNP, Silicon PNP, Silicon P channel JFET PNP, Silicon,
Dual NPN, Silicon PM, Silicon
MODULE MzH REV. E
WAVETE K MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. CODE NUMBER o
QB000-0 10 SPR IDlOI
3
QAO42-s00 FCD 2N4250
6
QAO36-440 FCD 2N3644
1
QAO54-610 MOT 2N5461
6
Q8000-0 1 1 SPR ID4O 1
2
QA050 -880 MOT 2N50 88
4
Q8000-009 MOT .P53702
1
PARTS LIST
MODULE M2H REV E
R EFE R ENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
rtcrr
CAPACITORS
L,T,il6
2
J ,L4
Ceramic feedthru, 6.BpF + l0Z 500V Ceramic disc., 120pF + 202 LkV
3
Ceramic disc., lOpF + 5Z 1kV
8
Ceramic disc., 15pF + 5Z lkv
9
Composition, 2,4 pE + 102 500V
10, 11 ,15 ,18 Ceramic feedthru, 47}pF + 20% 500V
L9,22
L2
13,25 ,26 L6,20 L7,2L 23,24
Ceramic disc. , 25 pF + 57″ LkV Composition, 3.9pF + 102 500V ECCeelerraacmmtjr-iocc lddyiitssiccc.,r,1.004u17Fu0Fp, 2E+5V+20270″7″1OLk0VV
WAVETE K MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. 3ODE NUMBER o
CFlO2-R6B A-B FA5C
6
CDIO2_II2 SPR 5GA_T12
I
cDl01-010 SPR l0rcc-Q10 I
cDl0t-015 SPR 10TCC-Ql5 1
cGL01–224 Q-c QCz.4
I
cEl0l-14 7 A-B FA5C
6
cD101-025 SPR 10TCC-Q25 1
ccl01-239 Q-c QC3.9
3
cE105-010 SPR TEIZO4
2
CDLO2-L47 SPR 5GA-T4 7
2
cDl03-310 SPR TG-S1O
2
ttcRil
t10t,o13+t,o0,t22,g
:DS-I-Oi-lDi:c-E-oS n,
junction
lOOpiV,
750mA
DRO00-001 ITT rN4002
l8
t,m,iijs trRil
RESISTORS
Fixed, comp., 100kohm + LOZ >N
RC104-410 A-B cB1041
4
2,rg ,32,33 Fixed, comp., 4.7kohm + ro”/” tz;v1
F.CL]4-247 A-B CB472L
9
34 ,62 ,7L,75
79
3r63 4,2L,57 .64
6 ,8,23 r25 7 ,L0 ,24,27
t Fixed, comp., 27kohm + L0″l ,lul
Fixed, comp., 47kohm 10″1 >N Fixed, comp., lOOohm + L07. ,N Fixed, comp.,
lOkohm + LO% >N
RCL04-327 A-B CB273L
2
RC104-34 7 A-B CB47 3L
4
RC104-110 A-B cB1011
4
RC104-310 A-B cB103l
5
66
g ,L3,L7 ,26 Variable, cermet, 2Okohm + L}”l 3/4W
RPl30-320 BEK 89PR2OK
9
3L,72,76 ,BO
95
l1
Fixed comp. , 33kohin + LO”l >N
RC104-333 A-B cB3331
1
L2,18
Fixed, comp., 4Tokohm + LO% ,N
RCto4-447 A.B CB474L
2
L4,L5,L6
Deposited carb. 178kohm, matched set .77″ RXO00-002 W-I RXO00-002 1
20,83,89
Fixed, comp., 8.2kohrn + LO”/” >N
RCIO4_282 A-B c88227
J
28
Fixed, comp., 82kohm + LO% ,N
RC104-382 A-B cB823l
1
30r81,87 35,36,37 ,38
56
Fixed, Fixed, Fixed,
comp.,
comp. ,
comp.,
427.20koohhmm++I0L”O/””/”rN,N lMohm + L0% ,N
RCl04-14 7 A_B CB47LL
3
RCLO4-222 A-B CB222L
4
RC104-510 A-B cB1051
1
58,59 ,60 ,69 Fixed, comp. , l0Mohm + l0″l ,N
RC104-610 A-B cB1061
6
73,77 6L,67
6B
70,74,78 82,88 94,92
85 ,86
90
9L
93,94
96
FFFiiixxxeeeddd,,coccomompmp. p.,.,,l04l87koohohhmmm+*+I0LI”O}/”””trl,N>>Nlt
RC104-010 A-B cB1001
2
RC104-04 7 A-B c84701
1
RC104-318 A-B CB1B3I
3
Fixed, Fixed,
comp., comp.,
560ohm 4.7ohrn
+ +
I0″l
LO”l
4W
,N
RC104-156 A-B c85611
2
RC104-R47 A-B CB47GT
2
Deposited carb. 10kohrn, maEched set .7″/” RXO00-003 W-I RXO00-003 1
Deposited carb. 21.5kohm qmatched set,
Deposited
carb.
19.1kohm
J 9 :8
within
.
l%
I
)
RXO00-004
Fixed, comp., 15k ohm * LO% rN
RC104-315
w-1 RXO00-004 A-B cBl531
I1
2
Fixed, comp., l.2Mohm + LO”l >N
RC104-512 A-B CBI25I
1
/?/ 22K
/oRK2
t
,t/P-937O2
-tl l,-5l00
L/
.222H
L3 .?ZzH
C2 CR/ CRz cRs Ics
/oo
.<6 1.7K
5-,Rd6k R9 20K
/Ro/K2
- R/4 /oK
/?,/8 2,2 K
/<2O
4.7K
c/o
/oo CR4
CR5
N
/</7 /oK
R/9
\
47A
CB
5
R2/
4.7K
L5 /ruH
Gc// tao
t-/5/–) – I
2NQ3a6s4A
BLANKIN
,co3s2pF
ft26
3 9/< Tp10
,R3o
i33K
tPsSvo2
O A C //- /- A MfO?,<D-Ui4Ll.EYE/RHgGCHfUtflAgtr{/C
REVA_
4R7400
,cj7/7pF 2Nas///
TO ELAI.IKIN
scoto4-,L
,<lo1o5
R48 470
.Oc/azF3 R1.
+/5
R4472 tI Cs/o9o
.rfi, iit
‘MPs 3VO2
c3411
rl F{
.47qF
R’8F”7OoATPAT
oaTPA r
AN/P//F/TR
R4570
, c2.9
t soo 2N5/7t
c.o2/6 R22sz
-,C27
f5=a-O-
sn/EP SA fulPI E
O’A ut’T7P0ur
/9/A RKER
ADzR
ryc26 c29 .470
-/6
r’/6
2.h4
San-A
t/8
SSrtnA
PARTS LIST
R EFE R ENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
ttR
ll
18 25 26 28 31 32 33 34 36 37
RESISTORS
fi*ea,-6mp. , 2.2kohm !I0% ,,lr
Fixed, comp., 1.5kohm t10Z ,N
Fixed, comp., Z7kotm !I0% ,N
Fixed, comp., 39kohm 110% ,N
Fixed, comp., 100kohm t10Z ,N
Fixed, comp., ! 2TkoTLm 5 “/” >N
Fixed, comp., t 33kohm 5 % ,<w
Fixed, comp., l2kohm 110% t<w
Fixed, Fixed,
comp. , comp.,
4.7ohm !IO%
220ohm tl07
,;tt
,N
38,43 ,45,46, Fixed, comp., 100ohm t10Z >N
51
42,44,50
52
Fixed, comp., 47ohm !102 ,N Fixed, comp., 22ohm !I07″ ,N
53
Fj-xed, comp. , 15Oohm 110% ,N
ilQil
TRANS’ISTORS
Lr4r5,9
PNP, Silicon,
2,6,rI r12 r13 NPN, Silicon,
14,15, 16
317 rl0
NPN, Silicon,
8
PNP, Silicon, dual
MODULE
M9G M9H
REV A
WAVETE K MAN UFACTU RE R T PART NO. CODE NUMBER O
RC-I04-222 A-B CB222T
RC- 1 04-2 15 A-B CBI52L RC-I04-327 A-B CB27 3T RC- 1 04- 339 A_B cB3931 RC-
104-4 10 A-B cB1 04 1 RC-103-327 A_B c82735 RC-103-333 A-B c83335 RC-104-312
A-B JBI23T RC- 104-R4 7 A-B JB47GI FrC-TO4-I22 A-B CB22LI RC- 104- I 10 A_B
c81011
RC- I 04- 04 7 A-B RC-104-022 A-B RC- 104- 1 15 A-B
JB470l JB220l c81511
QB-000-009 MO T IIPS 3702 QA-05 r-7 90 RC A 2N5 179
QA-038-s4 1 G-E 2N3B54A QB-000-0 I 1 SPR ID4O 1
PARTS LIST
REFERENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
ttc ll
t33,1,8,9,
CAPACITORS
Ceramlc feedthru, 500pF !20% 25AV
1 1, 14 r 18, 19,
25,27
2,I0
5,L2 6, 13
15 ,28,29 ,30
T6
17,33,34
Ceramic disc, 100pF 1102 lkv Ceramic feedthru, 100pF !2O”/” 25AV Ceramic feedthru, 6.8pF t10Z 500V Ceramic feedthru, 470pF !207″ 5A0V Ceramic disc, 120pF !20% IkV Electrolytic, .47uF 50V
20
2I
22
23,26
24
31
32
Composl-tion, .75pF t10Z 500V Factory adjusted, nominal value shown
Composition, 1.luF !102, factory adj.
Ceramic disc, .01uF x20% L}OV
Factory adjusted, nominal value shown
Electrolytic, 10uF 25V Ceramic disc, .05uF !20% I}OV
lrJ il
Lr2
CONNECTORS
Jack, receptacle, 50ohm, submin.
trcR il
t 3,s 3,5
6
7,10r11 8rg
DIODES
Voltage variable capacitance Not assigned Zener, 6.8V Silicon, point contact
rtl il
1J
2r7
4
5
6
8
9, 10
INDUCTORS
Fixed, .22uH
Fixed
Fixed Fixed
Fixed luH
Fixed Fixed
rrR lr
RESISTORS
1
Fixed, comp., 22kdnm tL}”l ,N
2,12
Variable,cermet, lOkohm t20Z
3,L4,17,24 Fixed, comp., 1Okohm !I0% r,N
4,rg ,39 ,40, Fixedr cenp. r 470ohrn !I0″1 ,N
47 ,48 5,6, 15 ,20
r2r
Fixed,
comp.,
4.7kohm
!L0%
,N
4r,49
7 ,22, 8,29
Fixed, comp., lOohm !L0% rN Fixed, comp., 5.6kohm tI}% rN
9
Variable, cermet, 2Okohm 11OZ
LO ,23,27 ,35
11
Not Assigned
Fixed, comp., 4Tkohrn !I0″1 ,N
13
Variable, carbon, 2okohm !20″4
L6, 30
Fixed, comp., 33kohm !I0″A >,*I
MODULE
M9G M9H
REV e
WAVETEK MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. CODE NUMBER o
cF- 104- 150 AER EF4
I2
cD-108-110 R]VIC c, N750
2
cF-104-110 AER EF4
2
cF- 102-R68 A-B FA5C
2
cF-101-147 A-B FA5C
4
CD_IO2_LL2 SPR 5GAT12
1
CE-TL3-447 TRW 935
3
cc- 10 1- 1 75 Not Assign
3_!
QC. 75
1
cc- 10 1-2 1 I Q-c QCi. 1
I
cD- 103-3 10 SPR TGS 10
2
Not Assign
cE- 105-0 10 SPR TE1204
I
cD-103-350 SPR TGS5O
1
JF-000-005 APL 27-9
2
DC-000-005 W-I DC-000-005 5
DB-000-00 1 C-L III^I-6.8
3
DG- 100-82 1 SYL IN82AS
z
r,A-005-R02 W-E
Not Assign Not Assign
W-I
w-r
ril…._..
?_
Not Assign w-r
LA-005-R10 w-E 506
;-
Not Assign W-I
LA-006-004 W-I LA-006-0Q4 2
RC-104-322 A-B cB223r
1
RP-129-310 CTS 360S 1038
2
RC- 104-310 A-B cB1031
4
II RC- 104- 147 A-B CB47
6
RC-L04-247 A-B CB472L
7
RC-104-010 A-B cB1001
2
RC-I04-256 A-B cB562l
2
RP-L29-320 CTS 360S2038
RC- 104-347 A-B CB473I
RP-124-320 A-B wA2G032
I
RC- 104- 333 A-B c8333 1
2
8f
/
C47/ 0
30.5 /rn A
Rf /NPUT
3R302
C6′,pF
g
,7
R/o8o
_rC3r yl-S-lOO C4 t
= t<7 470
| :
lt,
4,7?/oO
t?/27
Cz .47pF
B- / /2
T c34
200
a7
.t/PS,?3372O2/aoK
8ZA/Y/f//Y’ ;
“Trt //VPUf
/rv
IEYEI
,f.36
CO/Vn?ol
/NPUT
2R03K7
-/8 ,qgg /5/<
wm
c3624/
c20
OOlttF
/R.24K/
_t86R8*402K R40
470K
:,<?3o9-K/8
‘= R1.1z5K
TQp9/o/
Rz.473K
./tto?47
/944 220
c,/22F54-
-c 4s7to
a/a’
MPS.?
R174Ke 8/esoo F5/
7r<
6.8 ,5
i-/oil/fAr”
/tVP(17
OU TPUT A MPl /f/ER TCHEAilA T/C
lulOOUr.E /A/oH
.QEV A
z
R/3
470
8R2ls l<zRz/8
+!’l_I cro
R//4o
2N5/O9 /1<726
z/otI
/?27 |
+-&L/cots/’F
R21 >33K
..</o2o9
,r<F – / t+ Ler? OATPUT
C3J
6.8 /o-EaY.PalE7/?
25
2A
Q/a’ |PS.?70.
/t/P,t37o2
?5/ ,7K
,ZA /”1i
-/B c2
–
-2A y
/8 3 ,vnA
flgtl 7.3 tn A
-t8
l.’,
-/v
7-4rm A
8 VEP DR/Y
PARTS LIST
REFE RENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
ttR tt
24
27,28,3r
29 32
34,37
35 36
37 ,39
38 40 4L 42 43
44,52 45,51
49
RESISTORS
fi”ea, Fixed,
“coo*mpp.,.,
150ohrn 33kohm
!5″1 IW tLO%rN
Fixed, comp., 100ohm !57! IW
Fixed, comp., 100kohm !I0% ,N
Fixed, comp., lOkohm !I0% ,N
Fixed, Fixed,
comp. , comp.,
lMohm !L0″1 ,N
2.2Vlohm ll}”l ,N
Variable, carbon 21kohm !20% >N
Fixed, comp. , l5kohm !L0″/” ,,$
Fixed, comp., 470kohm !I0% rrt’I
Fixed, comp . , l.2kohm !I0″1 ,N
Fixed, comp., 680kohm !10% ,N
Fixed, comp . , 2. Tkohrn !L0″1 ,N
Fixed, comp., 220ohm !I0% ,N
Fixed, comp., 4.7kohm !I07 rN
Fixed, comp., 47kohm II01l>N
nQil
I,2 ,4
3,5 ,6 7, 10, 11
8 9
TMNSISTORS
NPN, Silicon MN, Silicon PM, Silicon N-channel JFET, Silicon NPN, Sillcon,
dual
MODULE MloH REV A
WAVETEK MANUFACTURER T
PART NO. SODE NUMBER o
RC107-1 15 A-B lB 15 15
1
RC 1 04-333 A-B rB33 3 I
3
RC107-110 A-B 1B1015
1
RC104-410 A-B r81041
1
RC104-310 A-B rB1031
2
RC104-510 A-B r8105 1
1
RCr04-522 A_B JB225I
1
RC124-320 A-B iL2032
2
RC 104- 3 15 A-B lB 153 I
1
RC104-447 A-B 3B47 4r
1
RCl}4-212 A-B :BT22T
1
RC104-468 A-B 18684 1
1
RCI04-227 A-B :82727
1
RCIO4_I22 A-B :B22IT
2
ecI}4-247 A-B :B’472I
2
RC104-347 A-B :847 3L
1
Q8000-013 AER 430
3
QAO5 1-090 SSS 2N5 109
J
Q8000-009 MOT ,lPS37 02
3
QAOs4-s80 MOT 2N5458
1
QBO00-010 SPR TDlOl
1
PARTS LIST
REF E R ENCE SYMBOL
DESCR IPTION
ttc rt
CAPACITORS
T,fi J6,28, C.r”*i. f..dthru, 47OpF !20″1 500V
30
2,27,29,3L Ceramic disc, .01uF !20″1 I00V
3r4
Ceramic feedthru, 500pF !20″/” 25Ov
5
Ceramic disc, .025uF !207″ I}AV
6,7,8,15
Electrolytic, .47uF 50V
g, 13, 14 ,23 Electrolytic, 10uF 25V
10
Ceramic disc, 15pF t5% 1kV
11
Ceramic disc, 4.7p8 t5Z lkv
12
Ceramic dlsc, 10pF t5Z lkV
t6
Ceramic feedthru, 100pF !20″/” 250V
18,19,24,32, Ceramic feedthru, 6.8pF t10Z 500V
33 20
2T 22 25
34,35
36
Ceramic di-sc, .001uF t20% IkV
Ceramic disc, 360pF !207. IkV Ceramic disc, .005uF !207! LO}V Ceramic disc,
120pF !20% IkV Cerarni-c disc, 200pF !20″/” lkV Ceramic disc, 47pE x5% IkY
CONNECTORS
rr2
Jack, receptacle, 50ohm submin.
rtcR il
T-2-3 4r5,6,7
8
9, 10
DIODES
SiLi”ott, P.I.N. Voltage variable capacitance Silicon, Hot Carrier Silicon,
Junction, 100piV’ 75OflrA
ttL
1,11 213 14,5 ,9 16, 7 ,8, 10
INDUCTORS
fi”*a, tO”ff
Fixed
Fixed Fixed,
Ilt-ttR
rt
lr,5,9,26
lz
lr,zs,+a
lt4,48
lo
I z, to, 😮
18, 11 ,50
1ItLr2,21
Itt+s,,tttl,,22zo,25
I
t16
lrg lzz
RESISTORS
lli””q, r’iEEl c”oompp..,,
47ohm !LO% >N
330ohm 110% ,lr
|N!r-oxteAds,scigonmepd., lkohm t10% ,N
It|I _F.u .aixxeedd,,
comp. comp .
, ,
l5Oohm tl}”/” ,N 47Oohm tLj% rN
llixea, comp., 100ohm tIO% >N
I |
References
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