madison AV 391 Dante Alerting Unit User Guide
- June 6, 2024
- madison AV
Table of Contents
Model 391 Dante Alerting Unit
User Guide
Issue 2, December 2018
This User Guide is applicable for serial numbers M391-00151 and later with
application firmware 1.2 and later and Dante® firmware 4.4.0 (UltimoX2 4.1.4.2)
and later Copyright © 2018 by Studio Technologies, Inc., all rights
reserved www.studio-tech.com
This page was intentionally left blank.
Revision History
Issue 2, December 2018:
- Documents new feature which allows simultaneous call detection on channels 1 and 2.
- Documents expanded frequency detection range for call signals. (Was 20 kHz, now 18-23 kHz nominal.)
Issue 1, May 2018:
- Initial release.
Introduction
The Model 391 Dante® Alerting Unit builds on the limited capabilities of the
“beacon” or “strobe” devices that are ubiquitous with analog party-line (PL)
intercom systems and adds a broad range of new and enhanced features. The
Model 391 responds to audio “call” signals that are present in the unit’s
Dante audio input channels. With an 18-23 kHz detection range, it will detect
tone call signals that are commonly utilized in both legacy analog and modern
digital PL intercom circuits.
Upon detecting a call signal Model 391 can provide a visual indicator, enable
an audio sounder output, and even activate an analog line output. Each of
Model 391’s alerting resources can be individually optimized to meet the
unique requirements of many applications. The controller personal computer
application is used to select from a wide range of operating choices. The
compact, portable unit is compatible with Dante audio-over ethernet
installations and requires only an Ethernet connection with Power-over-
Ethernet (PoE) capabilities for operation. Typically, applications will find
the Model 391 applicable for use in theater, sports, and broadcast facilities.
Model 391 is directly compatible with the call signals generated by the
popular Studio Technologies’ Model 370A and Model 371A Intercom Beltpacks.
These Dante-connected user devices generate 20 kHz tones whenever their call
button is pressed. Model 391 applications can also employ Studio Technologies’
Model 45DC or Model 45DR Intercom Interface units to provide compatibility
with legacy analog PL intercom systems. The Model 45DC is compatible with
Clear-Com® PL circuits that use a DC voltage to indicate call activity. The
Model 45DR supports the TW-series PL intercom circuits from RTS® which
directly use 20 kHz tones for call activity. Both interfaces will convert the
associated analog PL circuit’s audio and call signals to Dante’s digital
audio. Once in the Dante “world” the call signals and user audio is compatible
with the Model 391 Dante Alerting Unit as well as user belt packs such as the
Model 370A and Model 371A.
Applications
The most-typical application for Model 391 is to alert users that a call
signal on an intercom channel is active. Some technicians and engineers
associated with theater, entertainment, and corporate events won’t always stay
“on headset” and may need to be alerted when their presence on the
production’s intercom system is needed. As an example, a front-of-house audio
mixer could find value by placing a Model 391 unit on their audio console or
associated equipment rack. They would then be able to quickly respond to an
intercom call request while not having to continuously wear a headset that
would interfere with their normal work.
Model 391 can also be used as a general-purpose status indicator for various
live-event applications. Instead of responding to intercom call signals, the
controller application can be used to select the real-time action of the
visual indicator, audio sounder, and line output. For example, a Model 391
placed in a theater’s “green room” could provide a visual “quiet on the set”
indication.
This might be useful to provide an on-air or program audio feed to input
various pieces of audio equipment. The line output can also be configured to be
active only when a call signal is present. This could serve as a paging output
or allow an audio call function to be implemented.
In addition to responding to intercom beltpack call requests, the Model 391
can also be used in many other applications. These include allowing one of the
contact closure inputs on a Studio Technologies’ Model 44D Interface to
trigger the alerting functions on a Model 391. Being Dante networked audio
devices, the units will function together as long as they are located on the
same network, whether the devices are in the same room or on the opposite
sides of a university campus. The Model 391’s analog line output offers a
unique resource. It can be configured as an always-active output that follows
one of the audio inputs associated with the Model 391. Additionally, signals
generated by other products, such as the Studio Technologies’ Models 214 and
215 Announcer’s Consoles, will allow the Model 391 to serve as a broadcast
“on-air” indicator.
Features
For visual alerting the Model 391 incorporates a trapezoidal-prism-shaped
polycarbonate lens with multiple red/green/blue (RGB) LEDs. The unit is
typically placed on an audio console, lighting board, or on top of an
equipment rack. The visual indicator provides a highly visible 360-degree
viewing field. Configuration choices allow selection of the exact color,
intensity, and lighting cadence. Another selection determines what action will
cause the LEDs to activate. It can respond to a call signal or can remain
enabled as a status indication. This allows Model 391 to be used in a variety
of alerting applications, ranging from a request to join an intercom
conversation to providing a “rehearsal in progress” or “closed set”
indication. A configuration choice allows call signals to be simultaneously
detected on audio input channels 1 and 2. Unique colors will be displayed in
response to a call signal on channel 1 versus a call signal on channel 2.
The Model 391 includes an audio sounder whose output will “cut through”
ambient audio to gain the attention of nearby personnel. The character of the
sounder was selected to be effective at gaining attention rather than being
pleasant. The overall level range of the sounder can be configured while the
precise value can be set by the user by way of a rotary potentiometer. The
action of the sounder can be configured from among multiple choices, including
continuous, beep, and pulse. A delay can also be selected so that the visual
indicator can activate first while the sounder will enable only after the
selected period of time has elapsed. This could help prevent users from being
annoyed by the sounder if they are able to quickly respond to the visual
alert.
A unique Model 391 feature is the line output. Interfaced using a standard
3-pin XLR audio connector, the balanced analog line-level output signal is
compatible with inputs on devices such as audio consoles and amplified
speakers. A configuration choice allows the on/off status of the line output to
be selected. One choice designates that the line output be active only when a
call signal is received. This allows voice signals to be provided to users
simultaneously with visual and sounder activation. The line output can also be
configured to be continuously active, acting as a general-purpose analog output
signal from either of the two Dante input channels. Model 391 provides two
operating modes, each with a fully-independent operating configuration. A
pushbutton switch and two associated LED indicators on Model 391’s front panel
allow observation and selection of the desired operating mode. By allowing two
independent configurations the Model 391 can offer two unique sets of
application-specific alerting conditions. As an example, Mode 1 might be
considered a “rehearsal” mode where both a bright visual indicator and a loud
sounder output are desired whenever a call signal is received. Mode 2 could be
configured as a “performance” mode and enabled whenever an event is actively
taking place. The configuration for this mode might have the audio sounder
disabled and the intensity, color, and action of the visual indicator selected
to be unobtrusive.
Dante Audio-over-Ethernet
Audio and related data are sent to Model 391 using the Dante audio-over-
Ethernet media networking technology. As a Dantecompliant device, the Model
391’s two input (Dante receiver) audio channels can be assigned (routed) from
source devices using the Dante Controller software application. The Model 391
is compatible with Dante digital audio sources that have a sampling rate of 48
kHz and a bit depth of up to 24. Two bi-color LEDs provide an indication of
the Dante connection status.
Ethernet Data and PoE
The Model 391 connects to an Ethernet data network using a standard 100 Mb/s
twisted-pair Ethernet interface. The physical interconnection is made by way
of a Neutrik® etherCON® RJ45 connector. While compatible with standard RJ45
plugs, etherCON allows a ruggedized and locking interconnection for harsh or
high-reliability environments. An LED displays the status of the network
connection. The Model 391’s operating power is provided by way of the Ethernet
interface using the 802.3af Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) standard. This allows
fast and efficient interconnection with an associated data network. To support
PoE power management, Model 391’s PoE interface reports to the power sourcing
equipment (PSE) that it’s a class 1 (very low power) device. If a PoE-enabled
Ethernet port can’t be provided by the associated Ethernet switch a low-cost
PoE midspan power injector can be utilized.
Setup, Configuration, and Operation
The setup, configuration, and operation of the Model 391 is simple. An
etherCON RJ45 jack is used to interconnect the network interface with a
standard twisted-pair Ethernet cable associated with a port on a PoE-enabled
network switch. This connection provides both network data and power. A
3-conductor XLR connector provides access to the analog, electronically
balanced line output. The Dante Controller personal computer application is
used to route (“subscribe”) one or two audio sources to the Model 391’s
inputs. All Model 391 features are configured using the controller personal
computer software application. An extensive set of parameters allows the
unit’s operation to be tailored to meet the needs of many applications.
controller, compatible with version 7 and later of the Windows® operating
system, is a fast and simple means of confirming and revising the unit’s
operating parameters. A pushbutton switch is used to select the operating
mode. A rotary potentiometer (“pot”) makes it easy for the user to set the
level of the audio sounder. Three status LEDs provide a clear indication of
the unit’s operating mode and alerting status. The Model 391’s compact
enclosure is made from steel, whose mass helps to keep it stable at whatever
location it is deployed.
Future Capabilities and Firmware Updating
Model 391 was designed so that its capabilities and performance can be
enhanced in the future. A USB connector, located on the unit’s main circuit
board (underneath the unit’s cover), allows the application firmware (embedded
software) to be updated using a USB flash drive. To implement the Dante
interface Model 391 uses Audinate’s Ultimo™ integrated circuit. The firmware in
this integrated circuit can be updated via the Ethernet connection, helping to
ensure that its capabilities remain up to date.
Getting Started
What’s Included
Included in the shipping carton is a Model 391 Dante Alerting Unit and a
printed copy of this guide. As a device that is Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
powered, no external power source is provided. In most applications, an
Ethernet switch with PoE capability will be utilized. If that’s not available
a PoE midspan power injector can be used.
Connections
Signal interconnections will be made using the two connectors located on the
back of Model 391’s enclosure. An Ethernet data connection with Power-over-
Ethernet (PoE) capability will be made using either a standard RJ45 patch
cable or an etherCON protected RJ45 plug. If desired, the Model 391’s analog
line-level output may be interfaced with other equipment using a cable
terminated with a standard 3-pin female XLR connector.
Ethernet Connection with PoE
A 100BASE-TX Ethernet connection that supports Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) is
required for Model 391 operation. This one connection will provide both the
Ethernet data interface and power for the Model 391’s circuitry. A 10BASE-T
connection is not sufficient and a 1000BASE-T (“GigE”) connection is not
supported unless it can automatically “fall back” to 100BASE-TX operation. The
Model 391 supports Ethernet switch power management, enumerating itself as a
PoE class 1 device. The Ethernet connection is made by way of a Neutrik
etherCON protected RJ45 connector that is located on the back of the Model
391’s enclosure. This allows connection by way of a cable-mounted etherCON
connector or a standard RJ45 plug. The Model 391’s Ethernet interface supports
auto MDI/MDI-X so that a “crossover” or “reversing” cable will never be
required.
Ethernet Connection without PoE
As previously discussed in this guide, Model 391 was designed such that the
Ethernet connection will provide both data and Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
power. There may e situations where the associated Ethernet switch does not
provide PoE power. In such cases, an external PoE midspan power injector can
be used. If the elected midspan power injector is 802.3afcompatible it should
function correctly. Midspan units are available from a variety of sources,
including many online retailers.
Line Output
A cable-mounted 3-pin female XLR connector is used to interface with the Model
391’s line-level analog output. The electronically balanced output has a
nominal level of 0 dBu with significant headroom. It allows connection to a
variety of amplified speakers, audio consoles, wired or wireless IFB systems,
etc.
Dante Configuration
For call signaling tones and audio signals to pass to the Model 391, several Danterelated parameters must be configured. These configuration settings will be stored in non-volatile memory within the Model 391’s circuitry. Configuration will typically be done with the Dante Controller software application which is available for download free of charge at www.audinate.com. Versions of Dante Controller are available to support Windows and OS X® operating systems. Model 391 uses the Ultimo integrated circuit to implement the Dante architecture. The Model 391 can also be configured to meet the requirements of the AES67 standard. This requires a setting to be enabled within the Device Info section of the Dante Controller application. Audio from one or two Dante transmitter (Tx) channels can be routed to Model 391’s two Dante receiver (Rx) channels. (The Model 391 does not have any Dante transmitter (output) channels.) The transmitter channel(s) on associated equipment are used to supply the Model 391 with the call signaling tones and, if applicable, the audio signals to be sent to the unit’s line output. Some applications will need only one audio source to be routed to the Model 391 while others may utilize both. Model 391 supports an audio sample rate of 48 kHz with no pull-up/pull-down values available. While technically the Model 391 can serve as a clock master for a Dante network (as can all Dante-enabled devices) in virtually all cases the unit will be configured to receive “sync” from another device. The Model 391 has a default Dante device name of ST-M391 along with a unique suffix. The suffix identifies the specific Model 391 that is being configured. The suffix’s actual alpha and/or numeric characters relate to the MAC address of the unit’s Ultimo integrated circuit. The two Dante receiver (Rx) audio input channels have default names of Ch1 and Ch2. Using Dante Controller the default device name and channel labels can be revised as appropriate for the specific application.
Model 391 Configuration
The controller software application is used to configure the way in which the Model 391 functions. No DIP switch settings or other local actions are used to configure the unit. This makes it imperative that STcontroller be available for convenient use in a personal computer that’s connected to the related LAN. the controller is available free of charge on the Studio Technologies website (www.studio-tech.com/stcontroller) and is compatible with personal computers running Windows operating systems that are version 7 and later. controller versions 1.07.00 and later will fully support the Model 391. If required, download and install the controller onto a designated personal computer. This personal computer must be on the same local area network (LAN) and subnet as the Model 391 unit or units that are to be configured. the controller allows observation and selection of whether Mode 1 or Mode 2 is active. Another selection allows access to Mode 2 to be disabled. In addition, the following operating parameters can be independently configured for Mode 1 and Mode 2:
- Call Source
- Line Out
- Visual Alert Status, Minimum On-Time, Intensity, Action, and Color
- Audio Alert Status, Action, and On Delay Operating mode and configuration changes will immediately be reflected in the unit’s operation. No Model 391 “reboot” or other action is required. Each time a configuration change is made the Model 391’s visual indicator will momentarily flash yellow to indicate that a command from the controller has been received.
Using controller
Immediately after starting the controller, the application will locate the devices that it can control. The Model 391 unit or units will appear in the device list. Use the identify command to allow easy recognition of a specific Model 391 unit. Upon receiving an identify command a Model 391 will momentarily flash its visual indicator with a green color. Double-clicking on a device name will cause the associated configuration menu to appear. Review the current configuration and make changes as required.
Active Mode
Choices are Mode 1 and Mode 2; also can disable access to Mode 2 The active
mode section of the Model 391 configuration screen within the controller will
display the mode that is currently active. The choices are Mode 1 and Mode 2
with Mode 1 as the default. The active mode can be changed by clicking on the
desired radio button. If the pushbutton on Model 391’s front panel is used to
change the active mode (press and momentarily hold the button to make a
change) the status will be updated on the controller screen. There may be
applications where only one active mode is desired. In this case, simply
enable the check box for Disable Mode 2. When selected, this will force the
unit to operate in Mode 1 only. The configuration settings for Mode 2 will not
be disturbed, remaining for future use if desired. These settings can be
changed as designed although they won’t be utilized.
Call Source
Choices are Channel 1, Channel 2, and Channel 1 & 2 A call signal (18-23 kHz
nominal tone contained within an audio channel) is used by Model 391 to
activate the call functions. These call functions, depending on the
configuration, can consist of the visual indicator, audio sounder, and line
output. The Call Source configuration allows the selection of which audio input
(Dante receiver channel) or audio inputs (Dante receiver channels) will be
designated to supply the call signal(s). The default configuration for both
Mode 1 and Mode 2 is Channel 1.
Line Out
Choices are Off, On When Call Active, Always On–Ch 1, and Always On–Ch 2 This
setting allows the operation of the line-level analog output to be configured.
If On When Call Active is selected audio from the designed Call Source Dante
receiver channel will be present on the line output whenever a call is
detected. If the call function is not active then no audio will be present on
the line output. If either of the Always-On choices is selected any audio
present on the specified Dante receiver channel will be sent to the line
output. These two always-on configuration choices allow the line output to
serve as a general-purpose Dante-to-analog output converter. The default
configuration for both Mode 1 and Mode 2 is On When Call Active.
Visual Alert
To provide a visual indication that a call signal is active a set of five
red/green/blue (RGB) LEDs can project a full range of colors into a futuristic
polycarbonate lens assembly. Five configuration parameters allow the action of
the visual indicator assembly to be optimized for the desired applications.
Status
Choices are Off, On When Call Active, and Always On The Status configuration
allows the overall operation of the visual indicator to be selected. When
selected for of the visual indicator will never light. When selected for On
When Call Active the visual indicator will be enabled whenever a call signal
is received. When selected for Always On the visual indicator will always be
active. The default configuration for both Mode 1 and Mode 2 is On When Call
Active. Note that the exact action of the visual indicator when it’s active
will follow the Intensity, Action, and Color configuration parameters,
described next in this guide. The Always On configuration can be useful for a
number of purposes. One example is to make it easier to observe the action of
the visual indicator as its intensity, action, and color configurations are
selected. “Forcing” the visual indicator to be active simulates what will
occur when a call signal is active. This configuration choice also allows the
visual indicator to serve as a general-purpose, local, or remotely-controlled
indicator or “beacon.” Informing users about a “closed set” or “rehearsal in
progress” situation could be easily accomplished.
Minimum On-Time
Choices are: Follow Call, 2 Seconds, 4 Seconds, and 6 Seconds The Minimum On-
Time configuration can be useful in situations where it’s important for users
to be aware that a call signal has been received. In the Follow Call
configuration the on/off status of the visual indicator will directly respond
to an incoming call signal. So, as an example, a very short (e.g., less than
one second) call signal will result in a very short “burst” of light from the
visual indicator. The Follow Call setting is the default for both Mode 1 and
Mode 2. It might be the correct setting for some applications but may allow
situations where users can be unaware that call activity took place. The
configuration choices for two, four, or six seconds ensure that the visual
indicator will light for a “reasonable” amount of time. Selecting one of these
values will ensure that the visual indicator will activate for a minimum
period of time. As an example, if set for four seconds and a call signal is
received for three seconds, the visual indicator will stay active for an extra
one second. (It would stay enabled for four seconds.) Should, in this same
example, the call signal remain active for five seconds the visual indicator
will immediately turn off at the end of the five seconds. (The five second call
signal would exceed the four-second minimum on time.) Technically, the three
minimum time choices could be considered to provide non-retriggerable one-shot
actions. This is effectively a logical “OR” function with the call signal and
either a two, four, or six-second timer serving as the inputs. The call signal
also serves as the timer start trigger. (But ignore this description if you’re
a) not an engineer and/or b) don’t appreciate this kind of obscure technical
stuff!)
Intensity
Choices are Low, Medium, and High The brightness (amount of lumens) emitted by
the visual indicator can be selected using the Intensity configuration. Select
the value that’s appropriate for the application. The default intensity value
for both Mode 1 and Mode 2 is High.
Action
Choices are: Continuous, Slow Flash, Fast Flash, and Pulse The four Action
choices allow the character of the visual indicator to be selected. Select the
configuration that best fits the application. When selected for Continuous the
visual indicators will light steadily whenever it is enabled. (Remember,
depending on the configuration of the Status configuration, it can be enabled
whenever a call signal is present or could be active all the time.) When
selected to Slow Flash the visual indicator will alternate between on and off
two times per second. In Fast Flash, the visual indicator will alternate
between on and off a little more than four times per second. In the Pulse
configuration, the visual indicator will light twice followed by a short pause,
repeating a little more once per second. The Pulse setting can be effective in
gaining a viewer’s attention. The default configuration is Continuous for Mode
1 and Fast Flash for Mode 2.
Color
Choices are 20 standard colors and Windows Color Selector The Color
configuration allows the color of the visual indicator’s red/green/blue (RGB)
LEDs to be selected. There are approximately 20 standard colors to choose
from. Should none of these meet the application’s needs using the color
palette can provide many more choices. Note that selecting black will result
in the visual indicator producing a dark gray color. This seemed to be more
reasonable than trying to generate black which is the absence of light! The
default color for Mode 1 is green while the default for Mode 2 is purple.
These two colors were selected just to highlight the possibilities that the
flexible configuration choices allow. A unique color configuration situation
arises if the Call Source has been selected to be Channel 1 & 2. In this
case, a call signal (18-23 kHz tone) present on either audio input channel
will activate the configured call functions. But to keep the underlying firmware
and user interface reasonably simple only one color configuration choice is
provided. If a call signal is detected on channel 1 the visual alert will
light in the color that has been configured. If a call signal is detected on
channel 2 the visual alert will light in a color that’s mathematically
complementary to the configured color. This ensures that two unique colors will
always display in response to call signals on the two input channels.
Experimenting with various color selections will allow the “color pairs” to be
observed and the desired choice to be made.
Audio Alert
Three configuration choices allow the character of the audio sounder to be
selected.
Status
Choices are: Off, Low Range, and High Range The Status choices allow selection
of the overall operation and output level of the audio sounder. The Off choice
should be selected if the audio sounder should never activate. A rotary
control on the front panel of Model 391 allows the user to select the desired
output level. Two configuration choices allow the level adjustment range of the
audio sounder to be selected. This helps the user select a final level that
best meets the needs of an application while not exceeding what is considered
reasonable. In most applications, it’s expected that the Low Range will be
appropriate. When the audio sounder has to “cut through” other audio content
the High Range can be useful. But at its maximum level, the audio sounder can
be quite annoying and should be selected with care! The default configu- ratio
for Mode 1 is Low Range while the default for Mode 2 is Off.
Action
Choices are: Continuous, Slow Beep, Fast Beep, and Pulse Four Action choices
allow the character of the audio sounder to be selected. Select the
configuration that best fits the application. When selected for Continuous the
audio sounder will be constant wherever it is active. When selected for Slow
Beep the audio sounder will alternate between on and off twice per second. The
Fast Beep pattern will cause the audio sounder to alternate between on and off
a little more than four times per second. The Pulse configuration will cause
the audio sounder to be active for two short intervals followed by a pause.
This will continuously repeat a little more than once per second. The default
configuration for both Mode 1 and Mode 2 is Continuous.
On Delay
Choices are: Follow Call, 2 Seconds, 4 Seconds, and 6 Seconds This
configuration choice was included as a user convenience feature, helping to
prevent the audio sounder from activating unless it’s absolutely necessary.
The Follow Call choice configures the audio sounder to function as one might
expect; whenever a call signal is detected the audio sounder will become
active. It’s the default setting for both Mode 1 and Mode 2 so that the “out
of the box” operation will be readily understood. The other choices, delays of
two, four, and six seconds, are quite unique. They support situations where an
operator is in close proximity to the Model 391 and can respond quickly to a
visual call indication without needing the prompting of the audio sounder.
Selecting a delay value will allow that person to respond to a call request
without always being annoyed by the audio alerting function. Only if the call
request exceeds the delay time of two, four, or six seconds will the audio
sounder become active. The concept of this configuration choice is that as soon
as personnel responds to a call request it’s expected that the person
initiating the call function will stop the request. The visual indicator is
designated as the primary alerting method with the audio sounder only
activating if the specified time interval has passed.
Operation
At this point, all connections and configuration steps should have been completed and everything should be ready for Model 391 operation to commence. An Ethernet connection with Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) capability should have been made. Alternately, a midspan power injector, in “series” with the Ethernet connection, should have been put into place. If desired, a connection to the line output should have been made. Model 391 should have been placed in the desired physical location. Using the Studio Technologies’ controller software application the unit’s configuration should have been set to meet the needs of the specific application. Model 391’s Dante configuration settings should have been selected using the Dante Controller software application. In this way either or both of the unit’s two audio input channels (Dante receiver channels) should have been routed, by way of Dante “subscriptions,” to the transmitter channels on associated Dante-enabled equipment.
Initial Operation
Model 391 will start to function as soon as a Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) power
source is connected. However, it may take 20 to 30 seconds for full operation
to commence. Upon initial power up the three status LEDs, located on the back
panel below the RJ45 jack, will begin to light as network and Dante
connections are established. The visual indicator, located on top of the Model
391’s enclosure, will light, starting with red then changing to green, and
then to blue, “cycling” through the colors before going dark. The three green
LEDs on the front panel will light in a sequence to display that they are
functioning correctly.
How to Identify a Specific Model 391
Functions within the Dante Controller and controller software applications
allow a specific Model 391 unit to be identified. Each application provides an
“eyeball” icon that when clicked will activate the identify function. When
identity is selected it will send a command to a specific Model 391 unit. On
that unit, the visual indicator will flash green in a pattern four times. In
addition, the SYS and SYNC status LEDs, located directly below the etherCON
RJ45 connector on the back panel, will slowly flash green. After a few seconds,
the LED identification pattern will cease, and the normal Model 391 LED
operation will resume.
Ethernet and Dante Status LEDs
Three status LEDs are located below the etherCON RJ45 connector on Model 391’s
back panel. The LINK/ACT LED will light green whenever an active connection to
a 100 Mb/s Ethernet network has been established. It will then flash in
response to all Ethernet data packet activity. The SYS and SYNC LEDs display
the operating status of the Dante interface and its associated network
activity. The SYS LED will light red upon Model 391 power up to indicate that
the Dante interface is not ready. After a short interval, it will light green
to indicate that it is ready to pass data with another Dante device. The SYNC
LED will light red when the Model 391 is not synchronized with a Dante
network. It will light solid green when the Model 391 is synchronized with a
Dante network and an external clock source (timing reference) is being
received. It will slowly flash green when this specific Model 391 is part of a
Dante network and is serving as the clock master. It’s possible that up to 30
seconds may be required for the SYNC LED to reach its final state.
Operating Modes 1 and 2
Model 391 can be configured to operate in two unique operating modes, named
Mode 1 and Mode 2. The configuration of the operating modes should have
previously been selected using the controller software application. The
operating model that Model 391 is actively following can be selected either
using the pushbutton switch located on the front panel or a command mode
within the controller. Two green LED indicators, located adjacent to the
pushbutton switch, are used to display the active operating mode. To change
the operating mode simply requires the pushbutton switch to be pressed and
momentarily held; a quick “tap” of the button will not change the operating
mode. This feature helps to ensure that a random press of the push-button
switch will not change the operating mode. A configuration choice within
STcontroller allows disabling access to operating Mode 2. If this feature is
enabled and the pushbutton switch is pressed and held the Mode 1 LED will
remain lit while the Mode 2 LED will quickly flash four times to indicate that
access to it has been disabled.
Visual Alert
As expected, the action of the Visual Alert section will follow the
configuration choices made for the operating mode that has been selected. There
are many different operating choices, such as color, intensity, and on/off
action, that should work together to provide optimal performance in many
different applications. What’s presented to the user will be just a subset of
all the choices that are available. A unique set of visual alert actions will
occur if the Call Source has been selected to be Channel 1 & 2. If a call
signal is detected on audio input channel 1 the visual alert will light with
the configured color choice. If a call signal is detected on audio input
channel 2 the visual alert will light with a color that’s different from the
configured color. (That color will be determined by a fixed math formula.) If
call signals are simultaneously detected on both audio input channels 1 and 2
then the configured color will be displayed. This effectively makes a call
signal on input channel 1 have priority over a call signal on input channel 2.
Audio Alert
The Audio Alert section consists of three items on the front panel. A small
rectangular hole is used by the audio sounder as the exit point for the alert
audio. A green LED displays the status of the audio alert function. And a
rotary “trim” potentiometer (pot) is provided for the user to adjust the level
of the audio sounder. The status LED provides a number of indications that are
important to understand. The LED will not be lit if the active operating mode
is configured such that the status of the audio alert is turned off. Should a
call signal be received by Model 391 the LED will remain off; adjusting the
trim pot will not result in any operating change. If the status is configured
for Low Range or High Range the user can use the trim pot to adjust the output
level of the audio sounder. If the trim pot is not set to its fully
counterclockwise position, the status LED will be lit steadily. This indicates
that the audio sounder is “ready” to be activated by a call signal. If the
status of the audio alert function is configured for Low Range or High Range
and the trim pot is set to its fully counterclockwise position the status LED
will flash. This condition is provided to inform the user that although the
configuration is selected for the audio sounder to be active the trim pot is
set such that no audio will be generated. Setting the trim pot to its fully
counterclockwise position is certainly a valid means of turning off the audio
sounder and the flashing LED will highlight this condition. If the audio alert
status LED is either lit or flashing, it will change to a fast-flash cadence
whenever a call signal is received. This helps to identify when the audio
alert function is receiving a call signal request and, depending on the
setting of the trim pot, the sounder may be generating audio output.
Line Output
What is present on the line output connection will depend on the configuration
settings associated with the active Model 391 operating mode. Some
applications will have no audio present on the line output. Other
configurations will have audio from Dante receiver channel 1 or channel 2
present at all times on the line output. In other cases, audio will be present
on the line output only when a call signal is being received.
Technical Notes
IP Address Assignment
By default Model 391’s Ethernet interface will attempt to automatically obtain
an IP address and associated settings using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol). If a DHCP server is not detected an IP address will automatically
be assigned using the link-local protocol. This protocol is known in the
Microsoft® world as Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). It is also
sometimes referred to as auto-IP (PIPPA). Link-local will randomly assign a
unique IP address in the IPv4 range of 169.254.1.0 to 169.254.254.255. In this
way, multiple Dante-enabled devices can be connected together and
automatically function, whether or not a DHCP server is active on the LAN.
Even two Dante- enabled devices that are directly interconnected using an RJ45
patch cord will, in many cases, correctly acquire IP addresses and be able to
communicate with each other. An exception does arise when trying to directly
interconnect two Dante-enabled devices that use Ultimo integrated circuits to
implement Dante. Model 391 uses Ultimo and, as such, direct one-to-one
interconnection to another Ultimo-based product is not supported. An Ethernet
switch linking the two units is required to successfully interconnect two
Ultimobased devices. The technical reason that a switch is required relates to
the need for a slight latency (delay) in the data flow; an Ethernet switch will
provide this. Using the Dante Controller software application the Model 391’s
IP address and related network parameters can be set for a fixed (static)
configuration. While this is a more involved process than simply letting DHCP
or link-local “do their thing,” if fixed addressing is necessary then this
capability is available. But in this case, it’s highly recommended that every
unit be physically marked, e.g., directly using a permanent marker or “console
tape,” with its specific static IP address. If knowledge of a Model 391’s IP
address has been misplaced there is no reset button or other method to easily
restore the unit to a default IP setting. In the unfortunate event that a
specific Model 391’s IP address is “lost,” the Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) networking command can be used to “probe” devices on a network for this
information. For example, in Windows OS the arp –a command can be used to
display a list of LAN information that includes MAC addresses and
corresponding IP addresses. The simplest means of identifying an unknown IP
address is to create a “mini” LAN with a small PoE-enabled Ethernet switch
connecting a personal computer to the Model 391. Then by using the appropriate
ARP command the required “clues” can be obtained.
Optimizing Network Performance
For best Dante audio-over-Ethernet performance a network that supports VoIP
QoS (voice-over-internet-protocol quality of service) capability is
recommended. This can typically be implemented on virtually all contemporary
managed Ethernet switches. There are even specialized switches that are
optimized for entertainment-associated applications. Refer to the Audinate
website (www.audinate.com) for details on optimizing networks for Dante
applications.
Application Firmware Version Display
There are two ways in which the version number of the Model 391’s application
firmware (embedded software) can be identified. One requires only the Model 391
unit and involves a button-press sequence performed upon power-up. The other
method utilizes Model 391 and the controller software application. Either
method may prove to be useful when working with factory personnel on
application support and troubleshooting. As part of Model 391’s power-up
sequence, the unit’s application firmware can be directly displayed. Before
connecting the PoE-enabled Ethernet cable, press and hold the operating mode
button. Then connect the Ethernet cable. Upon application of PoE power, the
Model 391 will first go through its normal power-up sequence and then will
display the firmware version. The visual indicator on the top of the unit will
first “flash” green in color to display the major version number and then “flash”
yellow to display the minor version number. After this is completed the visual
indicator will remain off until the operating mode button is released. Once
the operating mode button is released normal operation will take place. As an
example of what would be a typical firmware display, if the visual indicator
“flashes” once green and then “flashes” twice yellow it would indicate that
application firmware version 1.2 is present in the Model 391. A selection in
the controller software application allows the Model 391’s application firmware
version to be identified. Connect the Model 391 unit to the network and let it
connect and start to function. Then, after starting the controller, review the
list of identified devices and select the specific Model 391 for which you want
to determine its application firmware version. Then select Version under the
Device tab. A page will then display the version number of the application
firmware as well as additional details including the version number of the
Dante interface firmware.
Application Firmware Update Procedure
It’s possible that updated versions of the application firmware (embedded
software) that is utilized by the Model 391’s processor (microcontroller or
MCU) integrated circuit will be released to add features or correct issues.
Refer to the Studio Technologies website for the latest application firmware
file. The unit has the ability to load a revised file into the MCU’s non-
volatile memory by way of a USB interface. The Model 391 implements a USB host
function that directly supports the connection of a USB 2.0-compliant flash
drive. The Model 391’s MCU updates its firmware using a file named m391.bin. The
update process begins by preparing a USB flash drive. The flash drive doesn’t
have to be empty (blank) but must be in the personal-computer-standard FAT32
format. Save the new firmware file in the root directory with the name m391.bin.
Studio Technologies will supply the application firmware file inside a .zip
archive file. While the firmware file inside of the zip file will adhere to the
naming convention required by the Model 391, the name of the zip file itself
will include the file’s version number. For example, a file named
m391v1r2MCU.zip would indicate that version 1.2 of the application firmware
(m391.bin) is contained within this zip file. Once the USB flash drive is
inserted into the USB interface, located on the main circuit board under the
cover, the unit must be powered off and again powered on. At this point, the
file will automatically load. The precise steps required will be highlighted in
the next paragraphs of this guide. After the firmware update process has been
performed it’s recommended that confirmation be done to ensure that the desired
application firmware version has been correctly stored. The version number can
be identified using either of two simple methods. Both were described in detail
in previous paragraphs of this user guide. To install an application firmware
file follow these steps:
- Disconnect power from Model 391. This will entail removing the Ethernet connection that is providing PoE power.
- Remove the cover from Model 391. Use a 5/64-inch hex driver to remove four hex-head machine screws and associated lock washers, two on each side of the cover. Be certain to save the screws and lock washers so that re-assembly will be fast and painless. Then carefully slide the cover forward and, once it is cleared away from the operating mode pushbutton switch and rotary level control, rotate it 90 degrees to the left (pushbutton) side. Be very careful not to kink, damage, or disconnect the miniature ribbon interconnecting cable.
- Locate the USB connector on the main circuit board. It’s at the front of the unit, between the left side of the enclose and the pushbutton switch. Insert the prepared USB flash drive into the connector.
- Apply power to Model 391 by connecting to a Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) Ethernet source.
- After a few seconds, the Model 391 will run a “boot loader” program that will automatically load the new application firmware file (m391.bin) into internal memory. During this time period an LED, located adjacent to the USB connector, will slowly flash green. Once the loading process is over, taking approximately 10 seconds, the Model 391 will restart using the newly-loaded application firmware.
- At this time the Model 391 is functioning with the newly-loaded application firmware and the USB flash drive can be removed. But to be conservative, remove PoE power first and then remove the USB flash drive.
- Confirm that the desired firmware version has been correctly loaded. This can be done by pressing and holding the operating mode button, applying power to the Model 391, and then “reading” the application firmware version number by observing the visual indicator. Alternately, the controller application can be used to identify the application firmware version number. Whatever method you use, ensure that the desired version is present.
- Once the update process has been completed reverse the steps and re-attached the cover using the four previously-removed machine screws and lock washers. Ensure that each end of the miniature ribbon cable remains fully mated with its associated connectors.
Note that if a connected USB flash drive doesn’t have the correct file (m391.bin) in its root folder no harm will occur if power is applied to the Model 391. Upon power-up the green LED will flash on and off rapidly to indicate this condition and then normal operation using the unit’s existing application firmware will begin.
Ultimo Firmware Update
As previously discussed in this guide, Model 391 implements Dante connectivity using the 2-input/2-output Ultimo integrated circuit from Audinate. The Dante Controller software application can be used to determine the version of the firmware (embedded software) that resides in the Ultimo “chip.” The controller software application can also be used to identify the firmware version. (Use the Version selection under the Device tab.) The Dante firmware can be updated by way of the Model 391’s Ethernet connection. The latest Dante firmware file is available on the Studio Technologies website. The Dante Firmware Update Manager (FUM) application can be used to install the firmware. This program is also available for download on the Studio Technologies website. It’s anticipated that a more automated method of updating Dante firmware will become available. If this comes to fruition then it might offer a much-simplified method of keeping the firmware current.
Restoring Factory Defaults
A command in the controller software application allows the Model 391’s configuration settings to be reset to the factory default values. From controller select the specific Model 391 that you wish to restore to the factory default values. Select the Device tab and then select the Factory Defaults feature. Then click on the OK box. For a list of default values refer to Appendix A.
Specifications
Power Source:
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE): class 1 (very low power, ≤3.84 watts) per
IEEE® 802.3af
Network Audio Technology:
Type: Dante audio-over-Ethernet
AES67-2013 Support: yes
Dante Domain Manager (DDM) Support: yes
Bit Depth: up to 24
Sample Rate: 48 kHz
Number of Receiver (Audio Input) Channels: 2
Dante Audio Flows: 2 receiver
Network Interface:
Type: 100BASE-TX, twisted-pair Ethernet, Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
supported
Data Rate: 100 Mb/s (10 Mb/s and 1000 Mb/s “GigE” Ethernet not
supported)
Call Activation:
Method: in-band tone, receiver channel 1, receiver channel 2, or receiver
channel 1 and 2, selectable
Tone Characteristics: 18-23 kHz, nominal
Minimum Level: –25 dBFS, nominal
Detect Time: 10 milliseconds, minimum
Visual Alert:
Type: qty 5, red/green/blue (RGB) LEDs
Color: adjustable, 20 standard colors and Windows® color picker
Intensity: adjustable
Action: adjustable
Audio Alert:
Type: electromagnetic sounder
Action: adjustable
Frequency: 2.7 kHz, nominal, square wave
Level: adjustable, 2 level ranges
Maximum Level: 85 dB SPL @ 3.9 inches (10 cm)
Action: adjustable| Line Output:
Type: analog, electronically balanced, capacitor coupled, intended to
drive balanced or unbalanced loads of 2 k ohms or greater
Source Impedance: 200 ohms
Nominal Level: 0 dBu, reference –20 dBFS
Maximum Level: +20 dBu, 0 dBFS input, measured at 1 kHz
Dynamic Range: >106 dB, A-weighted
Distortion (THDS+N) : 0.0011% (–99 dB), measured at –1 dBFS, 22 kHz
bandwidth
Frequency Response: +0/–1.5 dB, 20 Hz to 20 kHz
Connectors:
Line Output: 3-pin male XLR
Ethernet: Neutrik etherCON RJ45
USB : type A receptacle (located inside Model 391’s enclosure and used
only for updating firmware)
Configuration: requires Studio Technologies’ controller personal computer
application, version 1.07.00 and later (controller compatible with Windows
version 7 and later)
Dimensions (Overall):
3.4 inches wide (8.6 cm)
3.5 inches high (8.9 cm)
5.1 inches deep (13.0 cm)
Mounting: intended for tabletop applications; optional MBK-01 Mounting
Bracket Kit allows Model 391 to be permanently mounted
Weight: 1.0 pound (0.46 kg)
Specifications and information contained in this
User Guide subject to change without notice.
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Appendix A
controller default Model 391 configuration values:
Active Mode: Mode 1
Disable Mode 2: Box not checked
Mode 1:
Call Source: Channel 1
Line Out: On When Call Active
Visual Alert – Status: On When Call Active
Visual Alert – Minimum On-Time: Follow Call
Visual Alert – Intensity: High
Visual Alert – Action: Continuous
Visual Alert – Color: Green
Audio Alert – Status: Low Range
Audio Alert – Action: Continuous
Audio Alert – On Delay: Follow Call| Mode 2:
Call Source: Channel 1
Line Out: On When Call Active
Visual Alert – Status: On When Call Active
Visual Alert – Minimum On-Time: Follow Call
Visual Alert – Intensity: High
Visual Alert – Action: Fast Flash
Visual Alert – Color: Purple
Audio Alert – Status: Off
Audio Alert – Action: Continuous
Audio Alert – On Delay: Follow Call
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